scholarly journals Winter snow and spring temperature have differential effects on vegetation phenology and productivity across plant communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine C. Kelsey ◽  
Stine Højlund Pedersen ◽  
A. Joshua Leffler ◽  
Joseph O. Sexton ◽  
Min Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Phenology ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Winter Snow

scholarly journals Within-species phylogenetic relatedness of a common mycorrhizal fungus affects evenness in plant communities through effects on dominant species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Savary ◽  
Lucas Villard ◽  
Ian R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to influence plant community structure and diversity. Studies based on single plant - single AMF isolate experiments show that within AMF species variation leads to large differential growth responses of different plant species. Because of these differential effects, genetic differences among isolates of an AMF species could potentially have strong effects on the structure of plant communities.We tested the hypothesis that within species variation in the AMF R. irregularis significantly affects plant community structure and plant co-existence. We took advantage of a recent genetic characterization of several isolates using double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). This allowed us to test not only for the impact of within AMF species variation on plant community structure but also for the role of the R. irregularis phylogeny on plant community metrics. Nine isolates of R. irregularis, belonging to three different genetic groups (Gp1, Gp3 and Gp4), were used as either single inoculum or as mixed diversity inoculum. Plants in a mesocosm representing common species that naturally co-exist in European grasslands were inoculated with the different AMF treatments.We found that within-species differences in R. irregularis did not strongly influence the performance of individual plants or the structure of the overall plant community. However, the evenness of the plant community was affected by the phylogeny of the fungal isolates, where more closely-related AMF isolates were more likely to affect plant community evenness in a similar way compared to more genetically distant isolates.This study underlines the effect of within AMF species variability on plant community structure. While differential effects of the AMF isolates were not strong, a single AMF species had enough functional variability to change the equilibrium of a plant community in a way that is associated with the evolutionary history of the fungus.

scholarly journals A distributed time-lapse camera network to track vegetation phenology with high temporal detail and at varying scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans-Jan W. Parmentier ◽  
Lennart Nilsen ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Elisabeth J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Vegetation Phenology ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract. Near-surface remote sensing techniques are essential monitoring tools to provide spatial and temporal resolutions beyond the capabilities of orbital methods. This high level of detail is especially helpful to monitor specific plant communities and to accurately time the phenological stages of vegetation – which satellites can miss by days or weeks in frequently clouded areas such as the Arctic. In this paper, we describe a measurement network that is distributed across varying plant communities in the high Arctic valley of Adventdalen on the Svalbard archipelago, with the aim to monitor vegetation phenology. The network consists of ten racks equipped with sensors that measure NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), soil temperature and moisture, as well as time-lapse RGB cameras. Three additional time-lapse cameras are placed on nearby mountain tops to provide an overview of the valley. The vegetation index GCC (Green Chromatic Channel) was derived from these RGB photos, which has similar applications as NDVI but at a fraction of the cost of NDVI imaging sensors. To create a robust timeseries for GCC, each set of photos was adjusted for unwanted movement of the camera with a stabilizing algorithm that enhances the spatial precision of these measurements. This code is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4554937 (Parmentier, 2021) and can be applied to time series obtained with other time-lapse cameras. This paper presents an overview of the data collection and processing, and an overview of the dataset which is available at https://doi.org/10.21343/kbpq-xb91 (Nilsen et al. 2021). In addition, we provide some examples of how this data can be used to monitoring different vegetation communities in the landscape.

scholarly journals Differential effects of soil waterlogging on herbaceous and woody plant communities in a Neotropical savanna

Oecologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-483
Author(s):  
Rafael de Oliveira Xavier ◽  
Marcelo Boccia Leite ◽  
Kyle Dexter ◽  
Dalva Maria da Silva Matos
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Soil Waterlogging

Snowmobile Impact on Three Alpine Tundra Plant Communities

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Greller ◽  
Madeline Goldstein ◽  
Leslie Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Alpine Tundra ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Cushion Plant ◽  
Cushion Plants ◽  
Plant Coverage ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Silene Acaulis

This paper describes the effects of 1,020 passages of snowmobiles, made over two winters, on three regularly winter-snow-free alpine tundra plant communities. A cushion-plant community on a 7-degrees slope showed a 31% reduction in total living plant coverage due to snowmobile impact. Destruction was greatest to soil lichens, rock lichens, and the cushion-plants Arenaria obtusiloba, Arenaria fendleri, Paronychia sessiliflora var. pulvinata, Silene acaulis, Eritrichium aretioides, and Phlox pulvinata. Graminoids generally survived to increase in importance. On a flat site, a cushion-plant community with Kobresia myosuroides as its most important species, showed the greatest loss of living-plant coverage, namely 46%. This was due primarily to the destruction of Kobresia, although Selaginella densa, Arenaria obtusiloba, Hymenoxys acaulis, and Eritrichium aretioides, also showed heavy losses. In a Kobresia turf community, destruction was decidedly less severe than in the cushion-plant communities, reduction in total living plant coverage being only 19%. It is suggested that the closed nature of the Kobresia turf, with its stiff tussocks, enables it to absorb impact well. It is recommended that snow-mobile travel be confined to Kobresia or similar turfs, when such travel is necessary under snow-free conditions.

scholarly journals Relationship between Winter Snow Cover Dynamics, Climate and Spring Grassland Vegetation Phenology in Inner Mongolia, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejing Qiao ◽  
Nianqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Vegetation Phenology ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Winter Snow

The onset date of spring phenology (SOS) is regarded as a key parameter for understanding and modeling vegetation–climate interactions. Inner Mongolia has a typical temperate grassland vegetation ecosystem, and has a rich snow cover during winter. Due to climate change, the winter snow cover has undergone significant changes that will inevitably affect the vegetation growth. Therefore, improving our ability to accurately describe the responses of spring grassland vegetation phenology to winter snow cover dynamics would enhance our understanding of changes in terrestrial ecosystems due to their responses to climate changes. In this study, we quantified the spatial-temporal change of SOS by using the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2015, and explored the relationships between winter snow cover, climate, and SOS across different grassland vegetation types. The results showed that the SOS advanced significantly at a rate of 0.3 days/year. Winter snow cover dynamics presented a significant positive correlation with the SOS, except for the start date of snow cover. Moreover, the relationship with the increasing temperature and precipitation showed a significant negative correlation, except that increasing Tmax (maximum air temperature) and Tavg (average air temperature) would lead a delay in SOS for desert steppe ecosystems. Sunshine hours and relative humidity showed a weaker correlation.

scholarly journals A distributed time-lapse camera network to track vegetation phenology with high temporal detail and at varying scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3593-3606
Author(s):  
Frans-Jan W. Parmentier ◽  
Lennart Nilsen ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Elisabeth J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Vegetation Phenology ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract. Near-surface remote sensing techniques are essential monitoring tools to provide spatial and temporal resolutions beyond the capabilities of orbital methods. This high level of detail is especially helpful to monitor specific plant communities and to accurately time the phenological stages of vegetation – which satellites can miss by days or weeks in frequently clouded areas such as the Arctic. In this paper, we describe a measurement network that is distributed across varying plant communities in the high Arctic valley of Adventdalen on the Svalbard archipelago with the aim of monitoring vegetation phenology. The network consists of 10 racks equipped with sensors that measure NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), soil temperature, and moisture as well as time-lapse RGB cameras (i.e. phenocams). Three additional time-lapse cameras are placed on nearby mountains to provide an overview of the valley. We derived the vegetation index GCC (green chromatic channel) from these RGB photos, which has similar applications as NDVI but at a fraction of the cost of NDVI imaging sensors. To create a robust time series for GCC, each set of photos was adjusted for unwanted movement of the camera with a stabilizing algorithm that enhances the spatial precision of these measurements. This code is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4554937 (Parmentier, 2021) and can be applied to time series obtained with other time-lapse cameras. This paper presents an overview of the data collection and processing and an overview of the dataset that is available at https://doi.org/10.21343/kbpq-xb91 (Nilsen et al., 2021). In addition, we provide some examples of how these data can be used to monitor different vegetation communities in the landscape.

Differential effects of bismuth sub-salicylate (BSS) in acute non-cholera watery diarrhea in Bangladeshi children

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A215-A215
Author(s):  
P BARDHAN ◽  
S HUQ ◽  
S SARKER ◽  
D MAHALANABIS ◽  
K GYR
Keyword(s):  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Differential Effects

CCK-1 and CCK-2 receptors mediate differential effects of cholecystokinin on the motor activity of distal colon

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A173-A174
Author(s):  
F BASCHIERA ◽  
C BLANDIZZI ◽  
M FOMAI ◽  
M TACCA
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Differential Effects
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