scholarly journals Unchartered waters: Climate change likely to intensify infectious disease outbreaks causing mass mortality events in marine mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 4284-4301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Sanderson ◽  
Kathleen A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

scholarly journals Subjective Attribution of Infectious Disease Outbreaks to Climate Change is Associated with Mitigation Behavioural Intentions and COVID-19 Recovery Policy Support

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadish Thaker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Scholars argue that personal experience with climate change related impacts has the potential to increase public engagement. Yet, previous studies, which have almost exclusively focussed on experience with extreme weather events, provide mixed results. Based on experiential learning and attribution theory, this article argues that unless individuals’ attribute an event as related to or caused by climate change, their responses may be misdirected. Results based on survey data from a nationally representative sample of the New Zealand public indicates that subjective attribution of infectious disease outbreaks to climate change and to the human impact on the environment is positively associated with mitigation behavioural intentions and policy support. In addition, political affiliation moderates the relationship between subjective attribution and mitigation policy support, indicating a higher potential for right-leaning compared to moderates or left-leaning respondents to learn about climate change through health-related climate change impacts. Helping people understand the role of human impact on the environment and climate change in infectious disease outbreaks is likely to increase public engagement.

scholarly journals Thermal mismatches explain how climate change and infectious disease drove widespread amphibian extinctions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy M. Cohen ◽  
David J. Civitello ◽  
Matthew D. Venesky ◽  
Taegan A. McMahon ◽  
Jason R. Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Mismatch ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Mismatch Hypothesis

AbstractGlobal temperatures and infectious disease outbreaks are simultaneously increasing, but linking climate change and infectious disease to modern extinctions remains difficult. Thethermal mismatch hypothesispredicts that hosts should be vulnerable to disease at temperatures where the performance gap between themselves and parasites is greatest. This framework could be used to identify species at risk from a combination of climate change and disease because it suggests that extinctions should occur when climatic conditions shift from historical baselines. We conducted laboratory experiments and analyses of recent extinctions in the amphibian genusAtelopusto show that species from the coldest environments experienced the greatest disease susceptibility and extinction risk when temperatures rapidly warmed, confirming predictions of thethermal mismatch hypothesis. Our work provides evidence that a modern mass extinction was likely driven by an interaction between climate change and infectious disease.

scholarly journals Climate change effects on Black Sigatoka disease of banana

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1775) ◽  
pp. 20180269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bebber
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Black Sigatoka Disease

Climate change has significantly altered species distributions in the wild and has the potential to affect the interactions between pests and diseases and their human, animal and plant hosts. While several studies have projected changes in disease distributions in the future, responses to historical climate change are poorly understood. Such analyses are required to dissect the relative contributions of climate change, host availability and dispersal to the emergence of pests and diseases. Here, we model the influence of climate change on the most damaging disease of a major tropical food plant, Black Sigatoka disease of banana. Black Sigatoka emerged from Asia in the late twentieth Century and has recently completed its invasion of Latin American and Caribbean banana-growing areas. We parametrize an infection model with published experimental data and drive the model with hourly microclimate data from a global climate reanalysis dataset. We define infection risk as the sum of the number of modelled hourly spore cohorts that infect a leaf over a time interval. The model shows that infection risk has increased by a median of 44.2% across banana-growing areas of Latin America and the Caribbean since the 1960s, due to increasing canopy wetness and improving temperature conditions for the pathogen. Thus, while increasing banana production and global trade have probably facilitated Black Sigatoka establishment and spread, climate change has made the region increasingly conducive for plant infection. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.

scholarly journals Infectious disease outbreaks in the African region: overview of events reported to the World Health Organization in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mboussou ◽  
P. Ndumbi ◽  
R. Ngom ◽  
Z. Kassamali ◽  
O. Ogundiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Member States ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The World

Abstract The WHO African region is characterised by the largest infectious disease burden in the world. We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis using records of all infectious disease outbreaks formally reported to the WHO in 2018 by Member States of the African region. We analysed the spatio-temporal distribution, the notification delay as well as the morbidity and mortality associated with these outbreaks. In 2018, 96 new disease outbreaks were reported across 36 of the 47 Member States. The most commonly reported disease outbreak was cholera which accounted for 20.8% (n = 20) of all events, followed by measles (n = 11, 11.5%) and Yellow fever (n = 7, 7.3%). About a quarter of the outbreaks (n = 23) were reported following signals detected through media monitoring conducted at the WHO regional office for Africa. The median delay between the disease onset and WHO notification was 16 days (range: 0–184). A total of 107 167 people were directly affected including 1221 deaths (mean case fatality ratio (CFR): 1.14% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07%–1.20%)). The highest CFR was observed for diseases targeted for eradication or elimination: 3.45% (95% CI 0.89%–10.45%). The African region remains prone to outbreaks of infectious diseases. It is therefore critical that Member States improve their capacities to rapidly detect, report and respond to public health events.

scholarly journals Statistical methods for the prospective detection of infectious disease outbreaks: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Unkel ◽  
C. Paddy Farrington ◽  
Paul H. Garthwaite ◽  
Chris Robertson ◽  
Nick Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks
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