Warming counteracts defoliation‐induced mismatch by increasing herbivore‐plant phenological synchrony

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2072-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ren ◽  
Valérie Néron ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Eryuan Liang ◽  
Mathieu Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenological Synchrony

Phenological Synchrony ofEustenopus villosus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) withCentaurea solstitialisin Idaho

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Connett ◽  
L. M. Wilson ◽  
J. P. McCaffrey ◽  
B. L. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Phenological Synchrony

scholarly journals Phenological synchrony between eastern spruce budworm and its host trees increases with warmer temperatures in the boreal forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 576-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa S. Pureswaran ◽  
Mathieu Neau ◽  
Maryse Marchand ◽  
Louis De Grandpré ◽  
Dan Kneeshaw
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Phenological Synchrony

scholarly journals Phenological relationships between two insect galls and their host plants: Aspidosperma australe and A. spruceanum (Apocynaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Tolentino Campos ◽  
Maria Cecília Dias Costa ◽  
Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias ◽  
Ana Sílvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira ◽  
Denis Coelho de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Phenological Synchrony ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gall Induction

Although gall diversity in the Neotropical region is immense, comparative studies on the phenology of host plants and their galls are scarce. Gall systems generally require high levels of phenological synchrony between the associated organisms. The relationships between the phenology of two leaf galls induced by an unidentified Cecidomyiidae in Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth. ex Müell. Arg. and by Pseudophacopteron sp. in A. australe Müell. Arg. were investigated. The investigation was performed on ten individuals per species in 15-day intervals taking into consideration the percentage of galled leaves. In a one-year study, three distinct phenophases for the leaf galls and four phenophases for host plants were observed. The maximum percentage of leaf galls (80%) on A. australe occurred just after the peak of leaf sprouting. In A. spruceanum, the percentage of leaf galls was always over 50%, which can be related to continuous leaf production and gall induction in this species. In both species, developing galls were observed over the entire year, indicating multivoltinism. The ability to induce galls at young and mature sites seems to be a good strategy for galling species survivorship.

scholarly journals Climate-induced phenological shifts in a Batesian mimicry complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hassall ◽  
Jac Billington ◽  
Thomas N. Sherratt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Batesian Mimicry ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Phenological Shifts ◽  
Phenological Synchrony ◽  
Random Patterns

Climate-induced changes in spatial and temporal occurrence of species, as well as species traits such as body size, each have the potential to decouple symbiotic relationships. Past work has focused primarily on direct interactions, particularly those between predators and prey and between plants and pollinators, but studies have rarely demonstrated significant fitness costs to the interacting, coevolving organisms. Here, we demonstrate that changing phenological synchrony in the latter part of the 20th century has different fitness outcomes for the actors within a Batesian mimicry complex, where predators learn to differentiate harmful “model” organisms (stinging Hymenoptera) from harmless “mimics” (hoverflies, Diptera: Syrphidae). We define the mimetic relationships between 2,352 pairs of stinging Hymenoptera and their Syrphidae mimics based on a large-scale citizen science project and demonstrate that there is no relationship between the phenological shifts of models and their mimics. Using computer game-based experiments, we confirm that the fitness of models, mimics, and predators differs among phenological scenarios, creating a phenologically antagonistic system. Finally, we show that climate change is increasing the proportion of mimetic interactions in which models occur first and reducing mimic-first and random patterns of occurrence, potentially leading to complex fitness costs and benefits across all three actors. Our results provide strong evidence for an overlooked example of fitness consequences from changing phenological synchrony.

scholarly journals Phenological synchrony shapes pathology in host–parasite systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1919) ◽  
pp. 20192597
Author(s):  
Travis McDevitt-Galles ◽  
Wynne E. Moss ◽  
Dana M. Calhoun ◽  
Pieter T. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Phenological Synchrony ◽  
Host Parasite

A key challenge surrounding ongoing climate shifts is to identify how they alter species interactions, including those between hosts and parasites. Because transmission often occurs during critical time windows, shifts in the phenology of either taxa can alter the likelihood of interaction or the resulting pathology. We quantified how phenological synchrony between vulnerable stages of an amphibian host ( Pseudacris regilla ) and infection by a pathogenic trematode ( Ribeiroia ondatrae ) determined infection prevalence, parasite load and host pathology. By tracking hosts and parasite infection throughout development between low- and high-elevation regions (San Francisco Bay Area and the Southern Cascades (Mt Lassen)), we found that when phenological synchrony was high (Bay Area), each established parasite incurred a 33% higher probability of causing severe limb malformations relative to areas with less synchrony (Mt Lassen). As a result, hosts in the Bay Area had up to a 50% higher risk of pathology even while controlling for the mean infection load. Our results indicate that host–parasite interactions and the resulting pathology were the joint product of infection load and phenological synchrony, highlighting the sensitivity of disease outcomes to forecasted shifts in climate.

scholarly journals Phenological synchrony between a butterfly and its host plants: Experimental test of effects of spring temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Posledovich ◽  
Tenna Toftegaard ◽  
Christer Wiklund ◽  
Johan Ehrlén ◽  
Karl Gotthard
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Test ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Phenological Synchrony
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