Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 682-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Liu ◽  
John S. Kimball ◽  
Nicholas C. Parazoo ◽  
Ashley P. Ballantyne ◽  
Wen J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Warm Winter ◽  
Spring Transition ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

Lichen carbon gain under tropical conditions: water relations and CO2 exchange of Lobariaceae species of a lower montane rainforest in Panama

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto L. LANGE ◽  
Burkhard BÜDEL ◽  
Angelika MEYER ◽  
Hans ZELLNER ◽  
Gerhard ZOTZ
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Montane Rainforest

Diel (24-h) time courses of microclimate, water relations, and CO2 exchange were measured under quasi-natural conditions at a forest edge in a lower montane, tropical rainforest in Panama for six Lobariaceae (Lobaria crenulata, L. dissecta, Pseudocyphellaria aurata, P. intricata, Sticta sublimbata, S. weigelii). Responses to experimentally controlled water content (WC), photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR), and temperature were studied in most detail with P. aurata.Photosynthesis was well adapted to high temperatures, and all species exhibited ‘shade plant’ characteristics with low light compensation points and low light saturation. Lobaria and Pseudocyphellaria species suffered from a strong depression of net photosynthesis (NP) at suprasaturating WC; suprasaturation depression was less in cyphellate Sticta species.Photosynthetic capacity correlated with thallus nitrogen concentration, and maximal NP rates of the cyanobacterial Sticta species was 4 to 5 times higher than that of the green algal Lobaria species. However, high rates of NP were uncommon and brief events under natural conditions; the different environmental factors were rarely optimal simultaneously. Similar to earlier observations with other rainforest lichens, NP ceased during the period of highest irradiation on most days due to desiccation. During moist periods low light often limited carbon fixation, and high thallus hydration was often detrimental to NP. In spite of these limitations the maximal daily integrated net photosynthetic carbon income (ΣNP) was quite high especially for the Sticta species [17·3 and 24·1 mgC (gC)−1 day−1 for S. sublimbata and S. weigelii, respectively]. High nocturnal carbon loss, due to high night temperatures and continuous hydration, resulted in frequent negative diel carbon balances (ΣC) in all species. The average nocturnal carbon loss amounted to 83 and 70% ΣNP for P. aurata and P. intricata, respectively and to 64 and 59% of ΣNP for S. sublimbata and S. weigelii, respectively. Their average diel ΣC was as high as 3·7 and 5·3 mgC (gC)−1 day−1. In contrast, ΣC was much lower for the other species, it amounted to only 0·18 mgC (gC)−1 day−1 for L. crenulata. Thus, the Sticta species stood out amongst the species studied for their most successful adaptation of photosynthetic productivity to the habitat conditions in the lower montane rainforest.

Nitrogen-addition effects on leaf traits and photosynthetic carbon gain of boreal forest understory shrubs

Oecologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Palmroth ◽  
Lisbet Holm Bach ◽  
Annika Nordin ◽  
Kristin Palmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
Understory Shrubs

scholarly journals The Warm Winter Paradox in the Pliocene High Latitudes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C. Tindall ◽  
Alan M. Haywood ◽  
Ulrich Salzmann ◽  
Aisling M. Dolan ◽  
Tamara Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Warm Winter ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Modern Analogue ◽  
Winter Temperatures

Abstract. Reconciling palaeodata with model simulations of the Pliocene climate is essential for understanding a world with atmospheric CO2 concentration near 400 parts per million by volume. Both models and data indicate an amplified warming of the high latitudes during the Pliocene, however terrestrial data suggests Pliocene high latitude temperatures were much higher than can be simulated by models. Here we show that understanding the Pliocene high latitude terrestrial temperatures is particularly difficult for the coldest months, where the temperatures obtained from models and different proxies can vary by more than 20 °C. We refer to this mismatch as the ‘warm winter paradox’. Analysis suggests the warm winter paradox could be due to a number of factors including: model structural uncertainty, proxy data not being strongly constrained by winter temperatures, uncertainties on data reconstruction methods and also that the Pliocene high latitude climate does not have a modern analogue. Refinements to model boundary conditions or proxy dating are unlikely to contribute significantly to the resolution of the warm winter paradox. For the Pliocene, high latitude, terrestrial, summer temperatures, models and different proxies are in good agreement. Those factors which cause uncertainty on winter temperatures are shown to be much less important for the summer. Until some of the uncertainties on winter, high latitude, Pliocene temperatures can be reduced, we suggest a data-model comparison should focus on the summer. This is expected to give more meaningful and accurate results than a data-model comparison which focuses on the annual mean.

Response of photosynthetic carbon gain to ecosystem retrogression of vascular plants and mosses in the boreal forest

Oecologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheel Bansal ◽  
Marie-Charlotte Nilsson ◽  
David A. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

scholarly journals Over-expressing the C3 photosynthesis cycle enzyme Sedoheptulose-1-7 Bisphosphatase improves photosynthetic carbon gain and yield under fully open air CO2 fumigation (FACE)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Rosenthal ◽  
Anna M Locke ◽  
Mahdi Khozaei ◽  
Christine A Raines ◽  
Stephen P Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Cycle Enzyme ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
C3 Photosynthesis

scholarly journals Carbon exchange over four growing seasons for a subarctic sedge fen in northern Manitoba, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista L. Hanis ◽  
Brian D. Amiro ◽  
Mario Tenuta ◽  
Tim Papakyriakou ◽  
Kyle A. Swystun
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Peat Surface ◽  
Measurement Period

Net ecosystem exchange of carbon was measured using eddy covariance for four growing seasons at a subarctic hummocky fen in northern Manitoba, Canada. Over a 115 day measurement period each year, cumulative net ecosystem exchange of carbon ranged from a gain of 49 g C m−2to a loss of 16 g C m−2with a mean loss of 6 g C m−2from the fen, with an uncertainty of about ±34 g C m−2. Ecosystem respiration decreased with higher water tables (r2= 0.3), especially in one summer when flooding occurred to 0.12 m above the peat surface. Additional methane emissions previously documented for the site of 4–5.7 g C m−2year−1added to the carbon loss. Carbon loss was measured from this same fen in the 1990s and it is likely that the carbon gain (peat accumulation) during past centuries has not continued in recent decades. Scaling to annual greenhouse gas emissions as a 100 year global warming potential showed that this fen is currently a source of 192–490 g CO2-equivalents m−2year−1based on both carbon dioxide and methane flux measurements, indicating that peat is decomposing.

scholarly journals Elevated ozone reduces photosynthetic carbon gain by accelerating leaf senescence of inbred and hybrid maize in a genotype-specific manner

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 3088-3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Yendrek ◽  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Christopher M. Montes ◽  
Tiago Tomaz ◽  
Crystal A. Sorgini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Hybrid Maize

scholarly journals Effects of pH, Photoperiod, and Nutrient on Germination and Growth of Calymperes erosum C. Muell. Gemmaling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Zinno Ogbimi ◽  
Yetunde Biodun Owoeye ◽  
Victor Oluwaseyi Ibiyemi ◽  
Akpos Valentino Bofede
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Nutrient Conditions

Effects of pH, photoperiod, and substrate nutrient concentration on the rate of germination of the gemmae and primary protonema growth of Calymperes erosum C. Muell. were studied. There was a statistically significant difference in germination of C. erosum gemmae and protonema growth among the different substrate pH levels, photoperiod treatments, and substrate nutrient conditions, respectively (P<0.01). Gemmae germination and protonemal growth peaked at pH 4 and 5. Protonemal growth was retarded at pH 2, 3, 6, and 7. No germination was observed in continuous darkness. Germination and protonema growth increased significantly (P<0.01) within the first 3 and 6 hours of daylight but not again until after 9 and 12 hours of exposure, respectively. No statistical (P>0.05) increase in germination and protonemal growth was observed when the nutrient concentration was increased from 25% to 200%. Results indicate the moss is adapted to low nutrients and that it may germinate well at substrate pH as low as 2 howbeit the probability of establishment will remain limited until pH levels improve to 4 or 5. Furthermore, the moss is able to achieve net photosynthetic carbon gain during morning hours. Recovery from photoinhibition is likely by evening.

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