scholarly journals Both life-history plasticity and local adaptation will shape range-wide responses to climate warming in the tundra plant Silene acaulis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1614-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Peterson ◽  
Daniel F. Doak ◽  
William F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Silene Acaulis

scholarly journals Climate change drives mountain butterflies towards the summits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Rödder ◽  
Thomas Schmitt ◽  
Patrick Gros ◽  
Werner Ulrich ◽  
Jan Christian Habel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Annual Range

AbstractClimate change impacts biodiversity and is driving range shifts of species and populations across the globe. To understand the effects of climate warming on biota, long-term observations of the occurrence of species and detailed knowledge on their ecology and life-history is crucial. Mountain species particularly suffer under climate warming and often respond to environmental changes by altitudinal range shifts. We assessed long-term distribution trends of mountain butterflies across the eastern Alps and calculated species’ specific annual range shifts based on field observations and species distribution models, counterbalancing the potential drawbacks of both approaches. We also compiled details on the ecology, behaviour and life-history, and the climate niche of each species assessed. We found that the highest altitudinal maxima were observed recently in the majority of cases, while the lowest altitudes of observations were recorded before 1980. Mobile and generalist species with a broad ecological amplitude tended to move uphill more than specialist and sedentary species. As main drivers we identified climatic conditions and topographic variables, such as insolation and solar irradiation. This study provides important evidence for responses of high mountain taxa to rapid climate change. Our study underlines the advantage of combining historical surveys and museum collection data with cutting-edge analyses.

scholarly journals Life history and habitat do not mediate temporal changes in body size due to climate warming in rodents

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9792
Author(s):  
Aluwani Nengovhela ◽  
Christiane Denys ◽  
Peter J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
African Species

Temporal changes in body size have been documented in a number of vertebrate species, with different contested drivers being suggested to explain these changes. Among these are climate warming, resource availability, competition, predation risk, human population density, island effects and others. Both life history traits (intrinsic factors such as lifespan and reproductive rate) and habitat (extrinsic factors such as vegetation type, latitude and elevation) are expected to mediate the existence of a significant temporal response of body size to climate warming but neither have been widely investigated. Using examples of rodents, we predicted that both life history traits and habitat might explain the probability of temporal response using two tests of this hypothesis. Firstly, taking advantage of new data from museum collections spanning the last 106 years, we investigated geographical and temporal variation in cranial size (a proxy for body size) in six African rodent species of two murid subfamilies (Murinae and Gerbillinae) of varying life history, degree of commensality, range size, and habitat. Two species, the commensal Mastomys natalensis, and the non-commensal Otomys unisulcatus showed significant temporal changes in body size, with the former increasing and the latter decreasing, in relation with climate warming. Commensalism could explain the increase in size with time due to steadily increasing food availability through increased agricultural production. Apart from this, we found no general life history or habitat predictors of a temporal response in African rodents. Secondly, in order to further test this hypothesis, we incorporated our data into a meta-analysis based on published literature on temporal responses in rodents, resulting in a combined dataset for 50 species from seven families worldwide; among these, 29 species showed no significant change, eight showed a significant increase in size, and 13 showed a decline in size. Using a binomial logistic regression model for these metadata, we found that none of our chosen life history or habitat predictors could significantly explain the probability of a temporal response to climate warming, reinforcing our conclusion based on the more detailed data from the six African species.

scholarly journals A major locus controls local adaptation and adaptive life history variation in a perennial plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jihua Ding ◽  
Biyue Tan ◽  
Kathryn M. Robinson ◽  
Ingrid H. Michelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Major Locus ◽  
Perennial Plant

The effects of salt, manganese, and density on life history traits in Hesperis matronalis L. from oldfield and roadside populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J Rothfels ◽  
Laura L Beaton ◽  
Susan A Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Hesperis Matronalis ◽  
Roadside Plants ◽  
Density Treatment

Plant communities in the verges of major roadways (roadsides) are similar to those of abandoned farm fields undergoing succession (oldfields). However, roadsides are subject to distinctive stresses. Here, we look at local adaptation in Hesperis matronalis L. to salinity and manganese (Mn). Plants collected from three roadside and three oldfield populations were grown in a greenhouse under controlled, high-salinity, and high-Mn conditions, and several life history traits were measured. In addition, we imposed a density treatment after vernalization. Mortality was high in both the salt (43% survival) and Mn treatments (53% survival) compared with the control (71% survival). Distinct family, population, and site variation was found in measures of plant size. There were also family-level differences in response to soil treatments. However, none of our results were consistent with local adaptation. In general, larger plants were more likely to bolt, and oldfield plants were less likely to bolt than roadside plants in all treatments (in the low-density treatment, 56% of roadside plants had bolted compared with only 16% of oldfield plants). We found that the high-density treatments resulted in earlier bolting and longer internodes, a result consistent with the shade avoidance hypothesis.Key words: biennial, salinity, phenotypic plasticity, heavy metal, local adaptation.

Life-history traits indicate local adaptation of the schistosome parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, to its snail host, Biomphalaria pfeifferi

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ibikounlé ◽  
G. Mouahid ◽  
R. Mintsa Nguéma ◽  
N.G. Sakiti ◽  
D. Kindé-Gasard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi

scholarly journals Sympatric versus allopatric evolutionary contexts shape differential immune response in Biomphalaria / Schistosoma interaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Portet ◽  
Silvain Pinaud ◽  
Cristian Chaparro ◽  
Richard Galinier ◽  
Nolwenn M. Dheilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Life History ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractSelective pressures between hosts and their parasites can result in reciprocal evolution or adaptation of specific life history traits. Local adaptation of resident hosts and parasites should lead to increase parasite infectivity/virulence (higher compatibility) when infecting hosts from the same location (in sympatry) than from a foreign location (in allopatry). Analysis of geographic variations in compatibility phenotypes is the most common proxy used to infer local adaptation. However, in some cases, allopatric host-parasite systems demonstrate similar or greater compatibility than in sympatry. In such cases, the potential for local adaptation remains unclear. Here, we study the interaction between Schistosoma and its vector snail Biomphalaria in which such discrepancy in local versus foreign compatibility phenotype has been reported. Herein, we aim at bridging this gap of knowledge by comparing life history traits (immune cellular response, host mortality, and parasite growth) and molecular responses in highly compatible sympatric and allopatric Schistosoma/Biomphalaria interactions originating from different geographic localities (Brazil, Venezuela and Burundi). We found that despite displaying similar prevalence phenotypes, sympatric schistosomes triggered a rapid immune suppression (dual-RNAseq analyses) in the snails within 24h post infection, whereas infection by allopatric schistosomes (regardless of the species) was associated with immune cell proliferation and triggered a non-specific generalized immune response after 96h. We observed that, sympatric schistosomes grow more rapidly. Finally, we identify miRNAs differentially expressed by Schistosoma mansoni that target host immune genes and could be responsible for hijacking the host immune response during the sympatric interaction. We show that despite having similar prevalence phenotypes, sympatric and allopatric snail-Schistosoma interactions displayed strong differences in their immunobiological molecular dialogue. Understanding the mechanisms allowing parasites to adapt rapidly and efficiently to new hosts is critical to control disease emergence and risks of Schistosomiasis outbreaks.Author summarySchistosomiasis, the second most widespread human parasitic disease after malaria, is caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma. More than 200 million people in 74 countries suffer from the pathological, and societal consequences of this disease. To complete its life cycle, the parasite requires an intermediate host, a freshwater snail of the genus Biomphalaria for its transmission. Given the limited options for treating Schistosoma mansoni infections in humans, much research has focused on developing methods to control transmission by its intermediate snail host. Biomphalaria glabrata. Comparative studies have shown that infection of the snail triggers complex cellular and humoral immune responses resulting in significant variations in parasite infectivity and snail susceptibility, known as the so-called polymorphism of compatibility. However, studies have mostly focused on characterizing the immunobiological mechanisms in sympatric interactions. Herein we used a combination of molecular and phenotypic approaches to compare the effect of infection in various sympatric and allopatric evolutionary contexts, allowing us to better understand the mechanisms of host-parasite local adaptation. Learning more about the immunobiological interactions between B. glabrata and S. mansoni could have important socioeconomic and public health impacts by changing the way we attempt to eradicate parasitic diseases and prevent or control schistosomiasis in the field.

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