Prioritizing forest fuels treatments based on the probability of high‐severity fire restores adaptive capacity in Sierran forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Krofcheck ◽  
Matthew D. Hurteau ◽  
Robert M. Scheller ◽  
E. Louise Loudermilk
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Forest Fuels ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Fuels Treatments

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Fuels Treatments, Overstory Structure, and Wildfire on Tree Regeneration in Dry Forests of Central Washington

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Allison K. Rossman ◽  
Jonathan D. Bakker ◽  
David W. Peterson ◽  
Charles B. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fuels Reduction ◽  
Forest Fuels ◽  
Fuels Treatments

The long-term effectiveness of dry-forest fuels treatments (restoration thinning and prescribed burning) depends, in part, on the pace at which trees regenerate and recruit into the overstory. Knowledge of the factors that shape post-treatment regeneration and growth is limited by the short timeframes and simple disturbance histories of past research. Here, we present results of a 15-year fuels-reduction experiment in central Washington, including responses to planned and unplanned disturbances. We explore the changing patterns of Douglas-fir regeneration in 72 permanent plots (0.1 ha) varying in overstory abundance (a function of density and basal area) and disturbance history—the latter including thinning, prescribed burning, and/or wildfire. Plots were measured before treatment (2000/2001), soon afterwards (2004/2005), and more than a decade later (2015). Thinning combined with burning enhanced sapling recruitment (ingrowth) into the overstory, although rates of ingrowth were consistently low and greatly exceeded by mortality. Relationships between seedling frequency (proportion of quadrats within a plot) and overstory abundance shifted from weakly negative before treatment to positive after thinning, to neutral in the longer term. However, these relationships were overshadowed by more recent, higher-severity prescribed fire and wildfire that stimulated seedling establishment while killing advanced regeneration and overstory trees. Our results highlight the dependence of regeneration responses on the history of, and time since, fuels treatment and subsequent disturbance. Managers must be aware of this spatial and temporal complexity and plan for future disturbances that are inevitable but unpredictable in timing and severity.

Dwarf mistletoe effects on fuel loadings in ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Hoffman ◽  
Robert Mathiasen ◽  
Carolyn Hull Sieg
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fuel Loading ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Forest Fuels ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forests ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Basaltic Soils ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Fuels Treatments

Southwestern dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) J. Presl ssp. cryptopodum ) infests about 0.9 million ha in the southwestern United States. Several studies suggest that dwarf mistletoes affect forest fuels and fire behavior; however, few studies have quantified these effects. We compared surface fuel loadings and predicted fire behavior among four levels of dwarf mistletoe infestation (none, light, moderate, and severe) in a total of 239 plots on 11 sites on basaltic soils in northern Arizona. In each plot we measured tree attributes, dwarf mistletoe rating and surface fuel loading. Stands severely infested by dwarf mistletoe had lower (P < 0.05) tree density and higher snag density, but higher (P < 0.05) total surface fuel loadings and total fuel loadings >7.62 cm and <7.62 cm, than non-infested stands. However, there were no statistical differences in any canopy fuel variables among infestation classes. Predicted fire behavior indicated that the wind speed required to promote the spread of a surface fire into the canopy was lower in severely infested stands than in non-infested stands. These results suggest that stands in northern Arizona that are severely infested with dwarf mistletoe should be priority areas for fuels treatments.

scholarly journals When bigger isn’t better – implications of large high-severity wildfire patches on avian diversity and community composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Steel ◽  
Alissa Fogg ◽  
Ryan Burnett ◽  
L. Jay Roberts ◽  
Hugh Safford
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Imperfect Detection ◽  
Forest Fuels ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Management Actions

Aim: Modern wildfires increasingly create large high-severity patches with interior areas far from less disturbed habitats. We evaluated how these trends impact montane bird communities by investigating the effect of internal distance to lower severity areas, high-severity patch size, and years since fire on avian alpha and beta diversity.Location:Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USAMethods:Bird occurrence data were collected during 2009-2017 within high-severity patches of 27 wildfires representing 1-30 years since disturbance. A two-step multispecies occupancy method was used to account for imperfect detection of 94 species and estimate effects of high-severity patch characteristics on community richness and dissimilarity as well as richness of nesting guilds. Results:Community richness decreased with distance from patch edge and with high-severity patch size. Richness increased with years since fire, but this pattern was mediated by distance to edge with higher peak richness (23 species) on the patch edges than interiors (18 species). Community dissimilarity was not explained by distance from edge or patch area indicating that interiors of large high-severity patches contain a subset of rather than a complement to the edge community. Guild richness of tree and primary cavity nesters was negatively associated with distance and patch size. Richness of ground and shrub nesters was insensitive to these metrics but due to declines among other species, the groups made up a greater percentage of the avian community within patch interiors.Main conclusions:As fire activity increases due to accumulating forest fuels and accelerating climate change, high-severity patches and their resulting early-seral habitats are becoming more extensive with less edge and more interior area. Such changes are likely to decrease avian diversity locally and shift community composition away from forest-associated species. Management actions that promote the full range of fire effects but limit the size of high-severity patches may best conserve bird diversity within fire-adapted ecosystems.

Social science to improve fuels management: a synthesis of research on assessing social acceptability of fuels treatments

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry C. Daniel ◽  
Michael Valdiserri ◽  
Carrie R. Daniel ◽  
Pamela Jakes ◽  
Pamela Jakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Fuels Management ◽  
Fuels Treatments

Kapasitas Adaptasi dan Resiliensi Komunitas Menghadapi Bencana Erupsi Gunung Merapi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Nyimas Ayu Dillashandy ◽  
Nurmala K Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Institutional Memory ◽  
Innovative Learning

Mount Merapi eruption has occurred several times in Indonesia and the biggest eruption that last occurred in 2010. The community were suffered losses and were affected by eruptions. The purposes of this research are to analyze community resilience, to analyze the level of vulnerability, and to analize the community adaptive capacity. The research using a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. Simple random sampling technique is used as the sampling method and the informant was taken purposively. The results of this research showed that when the eruption occurred the community has a high vulnerability. The adaptive capacity is also high with innovative learning based on institutional memory and supported by the connectedness. Communities achieve resilience and can adapt to changes with high adaptive capacity.  Keywords: adaptive capacity, community resilience, eruption, vulnerability ABSTRAK Erupsi Gunung Merapi sudah terjadi beberapa kali di Indonesia dan erupsi terbesar yang terjadi terakhir kalinya yaitu pada tahun 2010. Komunitas mengalami berbagai kerugian dan terkena dampak dari erupsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis resiliensi komunitas, menganalisis tingkat kerentanan komunitas, dan menganalisis kapasitas adaptasi komunitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan teknik sampel acak sederhana sedangkan pemilihan terhadap informan dilakukan secara sengaja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa saat erupsi terjadi komunitas memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi. Kapasitas adaptasi komunitas tinggi dengan adanya innovative learning yang didasari oleh pengetahuan dan pengalaman dan didukung oleh jaringan yang dimiliki. Komunitas berhasil mencapai resiliensi dan dapat beradaptasi dengan perubahan-perubahan dengan kapasitas adaptasi yang tinggi.Kata kunci : kapasitas adaptasi, kerentanan, erupsi, resiliensi komunitas

The functionality and resources of the body of runners-sprinters with diff erent adaptive capacity

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
S.S. Pavlenkovich ◽  
◽  
L.K. Tokaeva ◽  
T.A. Bespalova ◽  
I.V. Smyshlyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
The Body
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