scholarly journals Decadal shifts in autumn migration timing by Pacific Arctic beluga whales are related to delayed annual sea ice formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 2206-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna D. W. Hauser ◽  
Kristin L. Laidre ◽  
Kathleen M. Stafford ◽  
Harry L. Stern ◽  
Robert S. Suydam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Migration Timing

Seasonal variations in the properties and structural composition of sea ice and snow cover in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas, Antarctica

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (143) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Jeffries ◽  
K. Morris ◽  
W.F. Weeks ◽  
A. P. Worby
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Frazil Ice ◽  
Core Sets

AbstractSixty-three ice cores were collected in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas in August and September 1993 during a cruise of the R.V. Nathaniel B. Palmer. The structure and stable-isotopic composition (18O/16O) of the cores were investigated in order to understand the growth conditions and to identify the key growth processes, particularly the contribution of snow to sea-ice formation. The structure and isotopic composition of a set of 12 cores that was collected for the same purpose in the Bellingshausen Sea in March 1992 are reassessed. Frazil ice and congelation ice contribute 44% and 26%, respectively, to the composition of both the winter and summer ice-core sets, evidence that the relatively calm conditions that favour congelation-ice formation are neither as common nor as prolonged as the more turbulent conditions that favour frazil-ice growth and pancake-ice formation. Both frazil- and congelation-ice layers have an av erage thickness of 0.12 m in winter, evidence that congelation ice and pancake ice thicken primarily by dynamic processes. The thermodynamic development of the ice cover relies heavily on the formation of snow ice at the surface of floes after sea water has flooded the snow cover. Snow-ice layers have a mean thickness of 0.20 and 0.28 m in the winter and summer cores, respectively, and the contribution of snow ice to the winter (24%) and summer (16%) core sets exceeds most quantities that have been reported previously in other Antarctic pack-ice zones. The thickness and quantity of snow ice may be due to a combination of high snow-accumulation rates and snow loads, environmental conditions that favour a warm ice cover in which brine convection between the bottom and top of the ice introduces sea water to the snow/ice interface, and bottom melting losses being compensated by snow-ice formation. Layers of superimposed ice at the top of each of the summer cores make up 4.6% of the ice that was examined and they increase by a factor of 3 the quantity of snow entrained in the ice. The accumulation of superimposed ice is evidence that melting in the snow cover on Antarctic sea-ice floes ran reach an advanced stage and contribute a significant amount of snow to the total ice mass.

scholarly journals First record of the occurrence of sea ice in the Cordillera Darwin fjords (54°S), Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Charles Salame ◽  
Inti Gonzalez ◽  
Rodrigo Gomez-Fell ◽  
Ricardo Jaña ◽  
Jorge Arigony-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Aerial Reconnaissance ◽  
High Precipitation

Abstract This paper provides the first evidence for sea-ice formation in the Cordillera Darwin (CD) fjords in southern Chile, which is farther north than sea ice has previously been reported for the Southern Hemisphere. Initially observed from a passenger plane in September 2015, the presence of sea ice was then confirmed by aerial reconnaissance and subsequently identified in satellite imagery. A time series of Sentinel-1 and Landsat-8 images during austral winter 2015 was used to examine the chronology of sea-ice formation in the Cuevas fjord. A longer time series of imagery across the CD was analyzed from 2000 to 2017 and revealed that sea ice had formed in each of the 13 fjords during at least one winter and was present in some fjords during a majority of the years. Sea ice is more common in the northern end of the CD, compared to the south where sea ice is not typically present. Is suggested that surface freshening from melting glaciers and high precipitation reduces surface salinity and promotes sea-ice formation within the semi-enclosed fjord system during prolonged periods of cold air temperatures. This is a unique set of initial observations that identify questions for future research in this remote area.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics of slush and snow–ice formation in the Antarctic sea-ice zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Jutras ◽  
Martin Vancoppenolle ◽  
Antonio Lourenço ◽  
Frédéric Vivier ◽  
Gauthier Carnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Selective incorporation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during sea ice formation

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Müller ◽  
Anssi V. Vähätalo ◽  
Colin A. Stedmon ◽  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
Louiza Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Selective Incorporation

scholarly journals Climate Influence on Antarctic Sea Ice Formation Recorded through Remote Sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
F. L. HILLEBRAND ◽  
C. N. ROSA ◽  
J. B. JESUS ◽  
U. F. BREMER
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice

scholarly journals Low Salinity and High-Level UV-B Radiation Reduce Single-Cell Activity in Antarctic Sea Ice Bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (23) ◽  
pp. 7570-7573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Martin ◽  
Julie Hall ◽  
Ken Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Single Cell Activity ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Experiments simulating the sea ice cycle were conducted by exposing microbes from Antarctic fast ice to saline and irradiance regimens associated with the freeze-thaw process. In contrast to hypersaline conditions (ice formation), the simulated release of bacteria into hyposaline seawater combined with rapid exposure to increased UV-B radiation significantly reduced metabolic activity.

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