scholarly journals Do trace metals select for darker birds in urban areas? An experimental exposure to lead and zinc

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 2380-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Chatelain ◽  
Julien Gasparini ◽  
Adrien Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Experimental Exposure ◽  
Lead And Zinc

scholarly journals Evaluation of dust and trace metal estimates from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.0

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Appel ◽  
G. A. Pouliot ◽  
H. Simon ◽  
G. Sarwar ◽  
H. O. T. Pye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Model Version

Abstract. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is a state-of-the-science air quality model that simulates the emission, transformation, transport, and fate of the many different air pollutant species that comprise particulate matter (PM), including dust (or soil). The CMAQ model version 5.0 (CMAQv5.0) has several enhancements over the previous version of the model for estimating the emission and transport of dust, including the ability to track the specific elemental constituents of dust and have the model-derived concentrations of those elements participate in chemistry. The latest version of the model also includes a parameterization to estimate emissions of dust due to wind action. The CMAQv5.0 modeling system was used to simulate the entire year 2006 for the continental United States, and the model estimates were evaluated against daily surface-based measurements from several air quality networks. The CMAQ modeling system overall did well replicating the observed soil concentrations in the western United States (mean bias generally around ±0.5 μg m−3); however, the model consistently overestimated the observed soil concentrations in the eastern United States (mean bias generally between 0.5–1.5 μg m−3), regardless of season. The performance of the individual trace metals was highly dependent on the network, species, and season, with relatively small biases for Fe, Al, Si, and Ti throughout the year at the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) sites, while Ca, K, and Mn were overestimated and Mg underestimated. For the urban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) sites, Fe, Mg, and Mn, while overestimated, had comparatively better performance throughout the year than the other trace metals, which were consistently overestimated, including very large overestimations of Al (380%), Ti (370%) and Si (470%) in the fall. An underestimation of nighttime mixing in the urban areas appears to contribute to the overestimation of trace metals. Removing the anthropogenic fugitive dust (AFD) emissions and the effects of wind-blown dust (WBD) lowered the model soil concentrations. However, even with both AFD emissions and WBD effects removed, soil concentrations were still often overestimated, suggesting that there are other sources of errors in the modeling system that contribute to the overestimation of soil components. Efforts are underway to improve both the nighttime mixing in urban areas and the spatial and temporal distribution of dust-related emission sources in the emissions inventory.

scholarly journals Levels of some trace metals and related enzymes in workers at storage-battery factories in Iraq

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Mehdi ◽  
F. J. M. Al Imarah ◽  
A. A. Al Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Storage Battery ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Aminolevulinate Dehydratase

Levels of some trace metals [copper, iron, lead and zinc], aminolevulinate dehydratase [ALAD], caeruloplasmin and haemoglobin were measured in the blood of 37 male workers from private-sector storage-battery factories. The men were divided into three groups depending on their jobs: 11 chargers [group I], 8 repair workers [group II]and 18 casting workers [group III]; 60 men were selected as controls. Mean levels were 14.63, 36.35, 58.00 and 71.70 mg/100 mL for lead, 192.54, 133.90, 96.75 and 45.37 U/mL for ALAD, and 14.02, 12.72, 12.20 and 11.40 g/100 mL for haemoglobin for control and groups I, II and III respectively. Significant negative correlations were found between lead and both ALAD and haemoglobin. The only significant positive correlation was between lead levels and duration of exposure

Ficus retusa L. as possible indicator of air metallic pollution in urban environmentSahli Leila, Belhiouani Hadjer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Sahli ◽  
Hadjer Belhiouani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Metallic Pollution

Abstract The tree species differed by their capacity to capture air-borne dust and to allocate trace element from contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to explore the accumulation potential of heavy metals (HMs) by F. retusa L. and its possible use for air pollution biomonitoring in urban areas. Plant material was sampled along the national roads in Constantine city (NE-Algeria), characterized by an intense traffic load. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were determined in the washed and unwashed leaves. The mean concentrations of HMs decrease in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd for both studied leaves, and were about 0.68 and 0.98 µg/g for Cd, 7.26 and 8.74 µg/g for Cu, 20.35 and 37.61 µg/g for Pb and 63.33 µg/g and 75.94 µg/g for Zn, for washed/unwashed leaves respectively. The studied metal contents were significantly higher than those cited in the literature; this indicates the traffic road impact on HMs emissions and uptake by plants. Higher values of metal accumulation index (MAI) indicate the effectiveness of the studied species for monitoring air metallic pollution in urban areas, and its usefulness for phytoextraction of HMs from the polluted soils and/or air. Results of this study could be beneficial as preliminary reference values for HMs uptake by F. retusa in urban environments.

scholarly journals Mining-contaminated estuaries of Cornwall – field research laboratories for trace metal ecotoxicology

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Rainbow
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Toxic Trace Metals ◽  
High Sediment

AbstractA century or so after the cessation of almost all mining in Cornwall, certain estuaries still have extremely high sediment concentrations of toxic trace metals, particularly copper and arsenic, but also lead and zinc. These high trace metal loadings in the sediments are to a large degree bioavailable to the local infauna, especially sediment-ingesting invertebrates. Some sediment trace metal bioavailabilities are so high as to be of ecotoxicological concern, with deleterious effects on the local biota at levels of biological organization up to and including changed community structure. The estuaries of interest here are those of the Rivers Carnon (Restronguet Creek), Tamar (and Tavy), Gannel, West Looe and Hayle. These estuaries are especially attractive field sites for comparative trace metal ecophysiology and ecotoxicology research for they lack the confounding presence of other anthropogenic contaminants inevitably present in most estuaries in the developed world. The estuaries also offer a range of combinations of different trace metals and a comparative gradient of sediment bioavailabilities of these trace metals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dust and trace metal estimates from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.0

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1859-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Appel ◽  
G. A. Pouliot ◽  
H. Simon ◽  
G. Sarwar ◽  
H. O. T. Pye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Model Version

Abstract. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is a state-of-the-science air quality model that simulates the emission, transformation, transport and fate of the many different air pollutant species that comprise particulate matter (PM), including dust (or soil). The CMAQ model version 5.0 (CMAQv5.0) has several enhancements over the previous version of the model for estimating the emission and transport of dust, including the ability to track the specific elemental constituents of dust and have the model-derived concentrations of those elements participate in chemistry. The latest version of the model also includes a parameterization to estimate emissions of dust due to wind action. The CMAQv5.0 modeling system was used to simulate the entire year 2006 for the continental United States, and the model estimates were evaluated against daily surface based measurements from several air quality networks. The CMAQ modeling system generally did well replicating the observed soil concentrations in the western United States; however the model consistently overestimated the observed soil concentrations in the eastern United States, regardless of season. The performance of the individual trace metals was generally good at the rural network sites, with relatively small biases for Fe, Al, Si and Ti throughout the year, while Ca, K and Mn were overestimated and Mg underestimated. For the urban sites, Fe, Mg and Mn, while overestimated, had comparatively better performance throughout the year than the other trace metals, which were consistently overestimated, including very large overestimations of Al, Ti and Si in the fall. An underestimation of nighttime mixing in the urban areas appears to contribute to the overestimation of trace metals. Removing the anthropogenic fugitive dust (AFD) emissions and the effects of wind-blown dust (WBD) lowered the model soil concentrations. However, even with both AFD emissions and WBD effects removed, soil concentrations were still often overestimated, suggesting that there are other sources of errors in the modeling system that contribute to the overestimation of soil components. Efforts are underway to improve both the nighttime mixing in urban areas and the spatial and temporal distribution of dust related emissions sources in the emissions inventory.

Bulk/wet deposition of trace metals to rural, industrial, and urban areas in the Yangtze River Delta, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuandan Ma ◽  
Yuqiong Tang ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Hongling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Lead pollution of London soils: a potential restriction on their use for growing vegetables

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Davies ◽  
Deirdre Conway ◽  
Sarah Holt
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Urban Pollutants ◽  
Imported Food

Great Britain relies heavily on imported food and Cantell (1977) has estimated that within urban areas there are over 100000 ha of dormant land (i.e. derelict and awaiting development) for which the most fundamentally valuable temporary use is growing food, since such land, Cantell claims, could yield 25 million tonnes of potatoes or 4 million tonnes of carrots annually. The national waiting list for allotments exceeds 100000 and, according to Thorpe (1969), vegetables are grown on nearly all (98·3%) urban allotments. Underlying the case for encouraging the agricultural or horticultural use of dormant land is the supposition that, once cleared of junk, urban soils differ little in potential quality from farmland. But this is not necessarily so: Purves & Mackenzie (1970) have reported that vegetables grown in Scottish urban soils were contaminated by trace metals as have Warren, Delavault & Fletcher (1971) in Canada, Beavington (1973) in Australia and Davies (1978) in England. Lead, is one of the commonest urban pollutants and many countries set limits on the concentration permitted in food. In Great Britain the present limit is 2 mg/kg (fresh weight) but it is planned to reduce this to 1 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Measuring Copper, Lead and Zinc Concentrations and Oral Bioaccessibility as Part of the Soils in Scottish Schools Project

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Davidson ◽  
Craig Duncan ◽  
Cameron MacNab ◽  
Bethany Pringle ◽  
Stuart J. Stables ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oral Bioaccessibility ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
School Day ◽  
Copper Lead

Determination of potentially toxic elements in soils with which children have regular contact can provide valuable information to support health risk assessment. It is also important to engage schoolchildren with soil science so that they become well-informed citizens. The Soils in Scottish Schools project involved pupils across Scotland in the collection of soil from school grounds for determination of copper, lead and zinc. Samples were subjected to microwave-assisted aqua-regia digestion to determine pseudototal analyte concentrations. The simplified bioaccessibility extraction test was applied to estimate bioaccessibility. Analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Pseudototal analyte concentrations varied widely: Cu 15.6–220 mg∙kg−1; Pb 24.6–479 mg∙kg−1 and Zn 52.5–860 mg∙kg−1. Higher concentrations were measured in urban areas, which were historically home to heavy manufacturing industries, with lower concentrations in soils from more rural schools. Bioaccessible analyte concentrations also varied widely (Cu 3.94–126 mg∙kg−1; Pb 6.29–216 mg∙kg−1 and Zn 4.38–549 mg∙kg−1) and followed similar trends to pseudototal concentrations. None of the elements studied posed a significant health risk to children through accidental soil ingestion whilst at play during breaks in the school day, although the relatively high bioaccessible levels of lead at some locations are worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals Urban farming as a possible source of trace metals in human diets

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua O. Olowoyo ◽  
Gladness N. Lion ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
The World ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms ◽  
Review Reports

Abstract Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation have greatly increased the concentrations of trace metals as pollutants in the urban environment. These pollutants (trace metals) are more likely to have an adverse effect on peri-urban agriculture which is now becoming a permanent feature of the landscape of many urban cities in the world. This review reports on the concentrations of trace metals in crops, including leafy vegetables harvested from different urban areas, thus highlighting the presence of trace metals in leafy vegetables. Various pathways of uptake of trace metals by leafy vegetables, such as the foliar, roots and possible health risks associated with urban faming are discussed and various morphological and physiological impacts of trace metals in leafy vegetables are described. Defensive mechanisms and positive aspects of trace metals in plants are also highlighted.

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