Woodland recovery following drought-induced tree mortality across an environmental stress gradient

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3685-3695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda D. Redmond ◽  
Neil S. Cobb ◽  
Michael J. Clifford ◽  
Nichole N. Barger
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Stress Gradient

Indirect effects and facilitation among native and non-native species promote invasion success along an environmental stress gradient

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe L. Zarnetske ◽  
Tarik C. Gouhier ◽  
Sally D. Hacker ◽  
Eric W. Seabloom ◽  
Vrushali A. Bokil
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Invasion Success

Patterns of plant invasion along an environmental stress gradient

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. MacDougall ◽  
J. Boucher ◽  
R. Turkington ◽  
G.E. Bradfield
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Stress Gradient

scholarly journals Consumer mobility predicts impacts of herbivory across an environmental stress gradient

Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Lamb ◽  
Franz Smith ◽  
Jon D. Witman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Gradient

scholarly journals Precipitation thresholds and drought-induced tree die-off: insights from patterns ofPinus edulismortality along an environmental stress gradient

2013 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Clifford ◽  
Patrick D. Royer ◽  
Neil S. Cobb ◽  
David D. Breshears ◽  
Paulette L. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Precipitation Thresholds

Inducible versus constitutive antioxidant defenses in algae along an environmental stress gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
KL Van Alstyne ◽  
L Sutton ◽  
SA Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Inducible Defenses ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Intertidal Species ◽  
Ulva Fenestrata ◽  
Antiherbivore Defenses

Optimal defense theory (ODT) predicts that antiherbivore defenses should be constitutive when plants are frequently attacked and inducible when the probability of attack is low. Like antiherbivore defenses, antioxidant defenses can be inducible or constitutive. We hypothesized the ODT predictions should apply to antioxidant defenses; thus, species inhabiting environments where oxidative stresses occur frequently should produce constitutive antioxidant defenses, whereas species in environments where stresses occur less frequently should produce inducible defenses. We tested this hypothesis by attempting to induce production of the antioxidant precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in 4 ulvoid algae species that experience different levels of environmental stress because they are zoned along a tidal gradient. The 2 lower intertidal species Ulvaria obscura and Ulva fenestrata, which experience oxidative stresses less frequently, induced DMSP production in response to applications of the chemical oxidant hydrogen peroxide within 7 d, whereas the higher intertidal species Ulva linza and Ulva intestinalis, which regularly experience oxidative stress, did not have increased DMSP concentrations. This study demonstrates a novel waterborne signaling mechanism for DMSP induction in marine macroalgae and provides evidence of selection for inducible antioxidant defenses in organisms experiencing less frequent environmental stresses.

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL PREDATORNUCELLA OSTRINAALONG AN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS GRADIENT

Ecology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2816-2829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Dahlhoff ◽  
Bradley A. Buckley ◽  
Bruce A. Menge
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Rocky Intertidal

scholarly journals The European Forest Condition Monitor: Using Remotely Sensed Forest Greenness to Identify Hot Spots of Forest Decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Buras ◽  
Anja Rammig ◽  
Christian S. Zang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Late Frost ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Condition Monitor

Forest decline, in course of climate change, has become a frequently observed phenomenon. Much of the observed decline has been associated with an increasing frequency of climate change induced hotter droughts while decline induced by flooding, late-frost, and storms also play an important role. As a consequence, tree mortality rates have increased across the globe. Despite numerous studies that have assessed forest decline and predisposing factors for tree mortality, we still lack an in-depth understanding of (I) underlying eco-physiological mechanisms, (II) the influence of varying environmental conditions related to soil, competition, and micro-climate, and (III) species-specific strategies to cope with prolonged environmental stress. To deepen our knowledge within this context, studying tree performance within larger networks seems a promising research avenue. Ideally such networks are already established during the actual period of environmental stress. One approach for identifying stressed forests suitable for such monitoring networks is to assess measures related to tree vitality in near real-time across large regions by means of satellite-borne remote sensing. Within this context, we introduce the European Forest Condition monitor (EFCM)—a remote-sensing based, freely available, interactive web information tool. The EFCM depicts forest greenness (as approximated using NDVI from MODIS at a spatial resolution of roughly 5.3 hectares) for the pixel-specific growing season across Europe and consequently allows for guiding research within the context of concurrent forest performance. To allow for inter-temporal comparability and account for pixel-specific features, all observations are set in relation to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) records over the monitoring period beginning in 2001. The EFCM provides both a quantile-based and a proportion-based product, thereby allowing for both relative and absolute comparison of forest greenness over the observational record. Based on six specific examples related to spring phenology, drought, late-frost, tree die-back on water-logged soils, an ice storm, and windthrow we exemplify how the EFCM may help identifying hotspots of extraordinary forest greenness. We discuss advantages and limitations when monitoring forest condition at large scales on the basis of moderate resolution remote sensing products to guide users toward an appropriate interpretation.

scholarly journals Functional diversity of habitat formers declines scale-dependently across an environmental stress gradient

Oecologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Laura Cappelatti ◽  
Alizée R. L. Mauffrey ◽  
John N. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
Functional Dispersion ◽  
Habitat Formers

Abstract Marine habitat formers such as seaweeds and corals are lynchpins of coastal ecosystems, but their functional diversity and how it varies with scale and context remains poorly studied. Here, we investigate the functional diversity of seaweed assemblages across the rocky intertidal stress gradient at large (zones) and small (quadrat) scales. We quantified complementary metrics of emergent group richness, functional richness (functional space occupied) and functional dispersion (trait complementarity of dominant species). With increasing shore height, under species loss and turnover, responses of functional diversity were scale- and metric-dependent. At the large scale, functional richness contracted while—notwithstanding a decline in redundancy—emergent group richness and functional dispersion were both invariant. At the small scale, all measures declined, with the strongest responses evident for functional and emergent group richness. Comparisons of observed versus expected values based on null models revealed that functional richness and dispersion were greater than expected in the low shore but converged with expected values higher on the shore. These results show that functional diversity of assemblages of marine habitat formers can be especially responsive to environmental stress gradients at small scales and for richness measures. Furthermore, niche-based processes at the small—neighbourhood—scale can favour co-occurrence of functionally distinctive species under low, but not high, stress, magnifying differences in functional diversity across environmental gradients. As assemblages of marine habitat formers face accelerating environmental change, further studies examining multiple aspects of functional diversity are needed to elucidate patterns, processes, and ecosystem consequences of community (dis-)assembly across diverse groups.

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