Plant population differentiation and climate change: responses of grassland species along an elevational gradient

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther R. Frei ◽  
Jaboury Ghazoul ◽  
Philippe Matter ◽  
Martin Heggli ◽  
Andrea R. Pluess
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Climate Change Responses

Japan and Climate Change: Responses and Explanations

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Responses

scholarly journals Population differentiation in the context of Holocene climate change for a migratory marine species, the southern elephant seal

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1667-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Corrigan ◽  
A. Fabiani ◽  
L. F. Chauke ◽  
C. R. McMahon ◽  
M. de Bruyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Southern Elephant Seal ◽  
Holocene Climate ◽  
Holocene Climate Change

scholarly journals Are vegetation–soil systems drivers of ecosystem carbon contents along an elevational gradient in a highland temperate forest?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isela Jasso-Flores ◽  
Leopoldo Galicia ◽  
Felipe García-Oliva ◽  
Angelina Martínez-Yrízar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Upward Migration ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Soil Systems

Vegetation–soil systems differentially influence the ecosystem processes related to the carbon cycle, particularly when one tree species is dominant over wide geographic regions that are undergoing climate change. The objective of this study was to quantify the stocks of ecosystem carbon in three vegetation–soil systems along a highland elevational gradient in central Mexico. The vegetation–soil systems, from lower to higher elevation, were dominated by Alnus jorullensis Kunth, Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham., and Pinus hartwegii Lindl., respectively. Above- and below-ground tree biomass was determined in each system, along with the litter, coarse woody material, roots, and litterfall. The A. religiosa system had the greatest stock of aboveground biomass carbon (216 ± 31 Mg C·ha−1). The A. jorullensis system had the greatest production of litterfall (3.1 ± 0.08 Mg·ha−1·year−1); however, the carbon content of this litter layer (1.2 ± 0.32 Mg C·ha−1) was lower than that of P. hartwegii (10.1 ± 0.28 Mg C·ha−1). Thus, the litter layer in the A. jorullensis system had markedly the shortest residence time (8 years), suggesting high rates of litter decomposition. The soil carbon stock (at soil depth of 1 m) was greater in A. jorullensis (189 Mg C·ha−1) and P. hartwegii (137 Mg C·ha−1) than in A. religiosa (68 Mg C·ha−1). The A. religiosa and A. jorullensis systems had the highest and lowest total ecosystem C content (301 and 228 Mg C·ha−1, respectively). Upward migration of the A. religiosa system in response to global climate change, however, could cause losses by 2030 of 187 Mg C·ha−1 associated with aboveground biomass.

scholarly journals Biotic rescaling reveals importance of species interactions for variation in biodiversity responses to climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 22858-22865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigdis Vandvik ◽  
Olav Skarpaas ◽  
Kari Klanderud ◽  
Richard J. Telford ◽  
Aud H. Halbritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Climate Gradients ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Underlying Processes

Generality in understanding biodiversity responses to climate change has been hampered by substantial variation in the rates and even directions of response to a given change in climate. We propose that such context dependencies can be clarified by rescaling climate gradients in terms of the underlying biological processes, with biotic interactions as a particularly important process. We tested this rescaling approach in a replicated field experiment where entire montane grassland communities were transplanted in the direction of expected temperature and/or precipitation change. In line with earlier work, we found considerable variation across sites in community dynamics in response to climate change. However, these complex context dependencies could be substantially reduced or eliminated by rescaling climate drivers in terms of proxies of plant−plant interactions. Specifically, bryophytes limited colonization by new species into local communities, whereas the cover of those colonists, along with bryophytes, were the primary drivers of local extinctions. These specific interactions are relatively understudied, suggesting important directions for future work in similar systems. More generally, the success of our approach in explaining and simplifying landscape-level variation in climate change responses suggests that developing and testing proxies for relevant underlying processes could be a fruitful direction for building more general models of biodiversity response to climate change.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity mediates climate change responses among invasive and indigenous arthropods

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1625) ◽  
pp. 2531-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L Chown ◽  
Sarette Slabber ◽  
Melodie A McGeoch ◽  
Charlene Janion ◽  
Hans Petter Leinaas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Change Type ◽  
Climate Change Responses

Synergies between global change and biological invasion have been identified as a major potential threat to global biodiversity and human welfare. The global change-type drought characteristic of many temperate terrestrial ecosystems is especially significant because it will apparently favour invasive over indigenous species, adding to the burden of conservation and compromising ecosystem service delivery. However, the nature of and mechanisms underlying this synergy remain poorly explored. Here we show that in a temperate terrestrial ecosystem, invasive and indigenous springtail species differ in the form of their phenotypic plasticity such that warmer conditions promote survival of desiccation in the invasive species and reduce it in the indigenous ones. These differences are consistent with significant declines in the densities of indigenous species and little change in those of invasive species in a manipulative field experiment that mimicked climate change trends. We suggest that it is not so much the extent of phenotypic plasticity that distinguishes climate change responses among these invasive and indigenous species, as the form that this plasticity takes. Nonetheless, this differential physiological response provides support for the idea that in temperate terrestrial systems experiencing global change-type drought, invasive species may well be at an advantage relative to their indigenous counterparts.

scholarly journals Comparing Path Dependence and Spatial Targeting of Land Use in Implementing Climate Change Responses

Land ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 850-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Brown ◽  
Marie Castellazzi ◽  
Diana Feliciano
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Spatial Targeting ◽  
Climate Change Responses
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