Climate warming over the past three decades has shortened rice growth duration in China and cultivar shifts have further accelerated the process for late rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Zhang ◽  
Yao Huang ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Late Rice

Alpine sparsely vegetated areas in the eastern Qilian Mountains shrank with climate warming in the past 30 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Zeng ◽  
Fuguang Zhang ◽  
Taibao Yang ◽  
Jiaguo Qi ◽  
Mihretab G Ghebrezgabher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distribution Ranges

Alpine sparsely vegetated areas (ASVAs) in mountains are sensitive to climate change and rarely studied. In this study, we focused on the response of ASVA distribution to climate change in the eastern Qilian Mountains (EQLM) from the 1990s to the 2010s. The ASVA distribution ranges in the EQLM during the past three decades were obtained from the Thematic Mapper remote sensing digital images by using the threshold of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and artificial visual interpretation. Results indicated that the ASVA shrank gradually in the EQLM and lost its area by approximately 11.4% from the 1990s to the 2010s. The shrunken ASVA with markedly more area than the expanded one was mainly located at altitudes from 3700 m to 4300 m, which were comparatively lower than the average altitude of the ASVA distribution ranges. This condition led to the low ASVA boundaries in the EQLM moving upwards at a significant velocity of 22 m/decade at the regional scale. This vertical zonal process was modulated by topography-induced differences in local hydrothermal conditions. Thus, the ASVA shrank mainly in its lower parts with mild and sunny slopes. Annual maximum NDVI in the transition zone increased significantly and showed a stronger positive correlation with significantly increasing temperature than insignificant precipitation variations during 1990–2015. The ASVA shrinkage and up-shifting of its boundary were attributed to climate warming, which facilitated the upper part of alpine meadow in the EQLM by releasing the low temperature limitation on vegetation growth.

scholarly journals Contemporary changes in the area of glaciers in the western part of the Nordenskjold Land (Svalbard)

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Chernov ◽  
A. Ya. Muraviev
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Snow Line ◽  
Area Te ◽  
Mountain Glaciation

Climate warming in Svalbard, starting in the 1920s, caused a signifcant reduction in the mountain glaciation of the Nordenskjold Land. Te most extensive changes took place in the Western part of this territory due to the influence of the warm Spitsbergen current creating here the high temperature background. In addition, due to elevation of the level of the climatic snow line, many glaciers have actually lost the area of accumulation. From 1936 to 2017, the area of glaciers in the Western part of this region decreased by 169.5 km2 or 49.5%. Large valley glaciers and numerous small glaciers have lost the greatest area. Te relative losses of the area of glaciers were revealed to be proportional to sizes of them. In average over the past 80 years, glaciers with areas smaller 0.5 km² reduced by 76%, while big glaciers with areas larger 5 km2 – by only 34%. At present, there are 152 glaciers with a total area of 172.73±9.31 km2 in the Western territory of the Land of Nordenskjold (West of the Bolterdalen valley). According to the aerial photography of 2008–2009, the total area of glaciation of the Land of Nordenskjold covers 428 km2. High present-day rates of the retreating of local glaciers are apparently caused by extreme thinning of glacial tongues. At the same time, shrinking of glaciers located in the West of the Peninsula turned out to be more intensive than that of glaciers in its center. Although the Eastern territories receive less precipitation than glaciers near the coast of the Greenland Sea, the Eastern glaciers were found to be more resistant to reduction due to higher locations of them.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate warming, cultivar shifts, and phenological dates on rice growth period length in China after correction for seasonal shift effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ye ◽  
Shuo Zong ◽  
Axel Kleidon ◽  
Wenping Yuan ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Seasonal Shift ◽  
Phenological Dates

Physical Behaviour of Lake Ontario with Reference to Contaminant Pathways and Climate Change

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1517-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Boyce ◽  
W. M. Schertzer ◽  
P. F. Hamblin ◽  
C. R. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Large Lake ◽  
Physical Behaviour ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Measurements

Current understanding of the physical behaviour of Lake Ontario is assessed. In particular, the role of water movements in the distribution and fate of contaminants is described, and our ability to anticipate the results of global climate warming on the Great Lakes is surveyed. In the past two decades, the general features of large-lake circulation and mixing have been successfully delineated, although detailed climatological studies will be required for particular sites of interest or concern. More sophisticated models of thermal structure will be needed to assess the potential consequences of climate warming, particularly in the matter of convective overturning. The process of "sediment focusing," so strongly linked to the fate of many organic contaminants, is only recently amenable to study with instruments that respect the time and space scales of resuspension and settling. The rates of transfer of gases and contaminants across the air–water interface are known to depend on wind and wave conditions; this dependence is being explored. Experience over the past 20 yr has consistently shown that large-lake studies of chemical and biological processes are difficult if not impossible to interpret in the absence of an adequate base of concurrent physical measurements.

scholarly journals Climate warming has led to the degradation of permafrost stability in the past half century over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhua Ran ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Guodong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Past Half

Abstract. Temperature increases cause a unique type of damage to permafrost. This damage is often expressed as the degradation of permafrost thermal stability, which is very important for engineering design, resource development, and environmental protection in cold regions. This study evaluates the degradation of permafrost stability over the QTP from the 1960s to the 2000s using estimated decadal mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) by integrating remote sensing-based estimates of mean annual land surface temperatures (MASTs), leaf area index (LAI) and fractional snow cover values, and decadal mean MAATs taken at 152 weather stations using geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results reflect a continuous rise of approximately 0.04 °C/a in the decadal mean MAAT values over the past half century. Climate warming has led to a reduction in permafrost stability in the past half century. The total degraded area of stability is approximately 153.76 x 104 km2, which corresponds to 87.98 % of the permafrost area in the 1960s. The stability of 75.24 % of the extremely stable permafrost, 89.56 % of the stable permafrost, 90.3 % of the sub-stable permafrost, 92.31 % of the transitional permafrost, and 32.8 % of the unstable permafrost has been reduced to lower levels of stability. Approximately 49.4 % of the unstable permafrost and 95.95 % of the extremely unstable permafrost has degraded to seasonally frozen ground. The sensitivity of the permafrost to climate is dependent on its stability level. The mean elevations of the extremely stable, stable, sub-stable, transitional, unstable, and extremely unstable permafrost areas increased by 88 m, 97 m, 155 m, 185 m, 161 m and 250 m, respectively. The degradation mainly occurred from the 1960s to the 1970s and from the 1990s to the 2000s. This degradation has led to increases in risks to infrastructure, increased flood risks, reductions in ecosystem resilience, and positive climate feedback effects. It therefore affects the well-being of millions of people and sustainable development at the Third Pole.

scholarly journals Climate Warming Changed the Planting Boundaries of Varieties of Summer Corn with Different Maturity Levels in the North China Plain

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605-2615
Author(s):  
Qi Hu ◽  
Xueqing Ma ◽  
Xuebiao Pan ◽  
Huang Binxiang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
The North China Plain

AbstractClimate warming in the North China Plain (NCP) is expected to greatly affect corn production. On the basis of a comprehensive consideration of the double-cropping system, we investigated the impacts of climate warming in the past 55 years on the planting boundaries and areas of varieties of summer corn with different maturity levels. In addition, we tried to explore the probable reasons for the changes in planting boundaries. Climate warming caused a northward shift in the planting boundaries of summer corn, resulting in the expansion of the total planting area. However, the trend for the planting area of each belt of corn maturity was not always consistent. Because of the advanced planting date and delayed physiological maturation date, the growing season of corn in the NCP has been prolonged in the past 55 years. Climate warming also increased the active accumulated temperature with a threshold of 10° (AAT10) during the corn growing season by 73.2°C decade−1, which was mainly caused by the increase in the number of days with a daily temperature over 10°C. In summary, the planting boundaries of varieties of summer corn with different maturity levels have greatly changed due to climate change, and corn production in the NCP could benefit from climate warming through the greater planting area and longer growing season.

scholarly journals Drought in the Twenty-First Century in a Water-Rich Region: Modeling Study of the Wabash River Watershed, USA

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Dierauer ◽  
Chen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
First Century ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Wabash River ◽  
The Past ◽  
Twenty First Century

Climate change is expected to alter drought regimes across North America throughout the twenty-first century, and, consequently, future drought risk may not resemble the past. To explore the implications of nonstationary drought risk, this study combined a calibrated, regional-scale hydrological model with statistically downscaled climate projections and standardized drought indices to identify intra-annual patterns in the response of meteorological, soil moisture, and hydrological drought to climate change. We focus on a historically water-rich, highly agricultural watershed in the US Midwest—the Wabash River Basin. The results show likely increases in the frequency of soil moisture and hydrological drought, despite minimal changes in the frequency of meteorological drought. We use multiple linear regression models to interpret these results in the context of climate warming and show that increasing temperatures amplify soil moisture and hydrological drought, with the same amount of precipitation yielding significantly lower soil moisture and significantly lower runoff in the future than in the past. The novel methodology presented in this study can be transferred to other regions and used to understand how the relationship between meteorological drought and soil moisture/hydrological drought will change under continued climate warming.

Tsunami modelling on lake scales - a sensitivity analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bacigaluppi ◽  
Robert M. Boes ◽  
David F. Vetsch
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Coastal Community ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slope Instabilities ◽  
Ongoing Project

<p>When simulating tsunamis, one of the major questions that arises in the coastal community is whether a certain set of equations is adequate to predict the behavior of generated waves and their effective impact on the shoreline. This aspect has been analyzed in several studies during the past decades in the context of ocean scales, focusing, for example, on the 2004 Sumatra and 2011 Tohoku events. </p><p>Investigations concerning lake scales, which appear to be very different from ocean ones, have not been considered in-depth yet, to the authors' knowledge. Nevertheless, the urge to have ready-to-use tools to allow a prediction of possible hazardous events due to tsunamis in lakes has grown in the past decades (e.g. Laguna Palcacocha, Peru), especially due to climate warming that tends to enhance slope instabilities.</p><p>This contribution provides a sensitivity analysis on lake scales, considering different typologies of modeling equations and softwares. The goal is to allow for an overview and a quantification of possible errors that might occur for specific choices of modeling equations.<br>This study is part of an ongoing project that aims at investigating the workflow of the processes linked with the tsunami hazard of lakes, triggered by submerged and subaerial landslides.</p>

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