scholarly journals Volcanic controls on the microbial habitability of Mars‐analogue hydrothermal environments

Geobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arola Moreras‐Marti ◽  
Mark Fox‐Powell ◽  
Aubrey L. Zerkle ◽  
Eva Stueeken ◽  
Fernando Gazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Environments

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Signatures of Metalliferous Sediments in Wocan-1 and Wocan-2 Hydrothermal Sites on the Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Olatunde Popoola ◽  
Xiqiu Han ◽  
Yejian Wang ◽  
Zhongyan Qiu ◽  
Ying Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Bulk Sediment ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Metalliferous Sediments ◽  
Metalliferous Sediment ◽  
Carlsberg Ridge ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments

In this paper, we conduct a comparative study on the mineralogy and geochemistry of metalliferous sediment collected near the active hydrothermal site (Wocan-1) and inactive hydrothermal site (Wocan-2) from Wocan Hydrothermal Field, on the Carlsberg Ridge (CR), northwest Indian Ocean. We aim to understand the spatial variations in the primary and post-depositional conditions and the intensity of hydrothermal circulations in the Wocan hydrothermal systems. Sediment samples were collected from six stations which includes TVG-07, TVG-08 (Wocan-1), TVG-05, TVG-10 (Wocan-2), TVG-12 and TVG-13 (ridge flanks). The mineralogical investigations show that sediment samples from Wocan-1 and Wocan-2 are composed of chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, barite, gypsum, amorphous silica, altered volcanic glass, Fe-oxides, and hydroxides. The ridge flank sediments are dominated by biogenic calcite and foraminifera assemblages. The bulk sediment samples of Wocan-1 have an elevated Fe/Mn ratio (up to ~1545), with lower U contents (<7.4 ppm) and U/Fe ratio (<~1.8 × 10−5). The sulfide separates (chalcopyrite, pyrite, and sphalerite) are enriched in Se, Co, As, Sb, and Pb. The calculated sphalerite precipitation temperature (Sph.PT) yields ~278 °C. The sulfur isotope (δ34S) analysis returned a light value of 3.0–3.6‰. The bulk sediment samples of Wocan-2 have a lower Fe/Mn ratio (<~523), with high U contents (up to 19.6 ppm) and U/Fe ratio (up to ~6.2 × 10−5). The sulfide separates are enriched in Zn, Cu, Tl, and Sn. The calculated Sph.PT is ~233 °C. The δ34S returned significant values of 4.1–4.3‰ and 6.4–8.7‰ in stations TVG-10 and TVG-05, respectively. The geochemical signatures (e.g., Fe/Mn and U/Fe ratio, mineral chemistry of sulfides separates, and S-isotopes and Sph.PT) suggest that sediment samples from Wocan-1 are located near intermediate–high temperature hydrothermal discharge environments. Additionally, relatively low δ34S values exhibit a lower proportion (less than 20%) of seawater-derived components. The geochemical signatures suggest that sediment samples from Wocan-2 has undergone moderate–extensive oxidation and secondary alterations by seawater in a low–intermediate temperature hydrothermal environments. Additionally, the significant δ34S values of station TVG-05 exhibit a higher estimated proportion (up to 41%) of seawater-derived components. Our results showed pervasive hydrothermal contributions into station TVG-08 relative to TVG-07, it further showed the increased process of seafloor weathering at TVG-05 relative to TVG-10.

scholarly journals New virus isolates from Italian hydrothermal environments underscore the biogeographic pattern in archaeal virus communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1821-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana P. Baquero ◽  
Patrizia Contursi ◽  
Monica Piochi ◽  
Simonetta Bartolucci ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeal Virus ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern ◽  
Virus Communities ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals Formation of Hydrous, Pyroxene-Related Phases from LiAlSiO4 Glass in High-Pressure Hydrothermal Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Ångström ◽  
Istvan Zoltan Jenei ◽  
Kristina Spektor ◽  
Ulrich Häussermann
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments

A new method for high-resolution bivalve growth rate studies in hydrothermal environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nedoncelle ◽  
F. Lartaud ◽  
M. de Rafelis ◽  
S. Boulila ◽  
N. Le Bris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
New Method ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments

scholarly journals Exceptionally diverse morphotypes and genomes of crenarchaeal hyperthermophilic viruses

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Prangishvili ◽  
R.A. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Sequence Patterns ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments ◽  
Homologous Orfs ◽  
Reading Frames

The remarkable diversity of the morphologies of viruses found in terrestrial hydrothermal environments with temperatures >80°C is unprecedented for aquatic ecosystems. The best-studied viruses from these habitats have been assigned to novel viral families: Fuselloviridae, Lipothrixviridae and Rudiviridae. They all have double-stranded DNA genomes and infect hyperthermophilic crenarchaea of the orders Sulfolobales and Thermoproteales. Representatives of the different viral families share a few homologous ORFs (open reading frames). However, about 90% of all ORFs in the seven sequenced genomes show no significant matches to sequences in public databases. This suggests that these hyperthermophilic viruses have exceptional biochemical solutions for biological functions. Specific features of genome organization, as well as strategies for DNA replication, suggest that phylogenetic relationships exist between crenarchaeal rudiviruses and the large eukaryal DNA viruses: poxviruses, the African swine fever virus and Chlorella viruses. Sequence patterns at the ends of the linear genome of the lipothrixvirus AFV1 are reminiscent of the telomeric ends of linear eukaryal chromosomes and suggest that a primitive telomeric mechanism operates in this virus.

Enhanced hydrogen production with carbon storage by olivine alteration in CO2-rich hydrothermal environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajie Wang ◽  
Noriaki Watanabe ◽  
Atsushi Okamoto ◽  
Kengo Nakamura ◽  
Takeshi Komai
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments

scholarly journals A Few Experimental Suggestions Using Minerals to Obtain Peptides with a High Concentration of L-Amino Acids and Protein Amino Acids

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2046
Author(s):  
Dimas A. M. Zaia ◽  
Cássia Thaïs B. V. Zaia
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rna World ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Protein World ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrothermal Environment ◽  
World Hypothesis ◽  
Prebiotic Earth ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments ◽  
Selection Of

The peptides/proteins of all living beings on our planet are mostly made up of 19 L-amino acids and glycine, an achiral amino acid. Arising from endogenous and exogenous sources, the seas of the prebiotic Earth could have contained a huge diversity of biomolecules (including amino acids), and precursors of biomolecules. Thus, how were these amino acids selected from the huge number of available amino acids and other molecules? What were the peptides of prebiotic Earth made up of? How were these peptides synthesized? Minerals have been considered for this task, since they can preconcentrate amino acids from dilute solutions, catalyze their polymerization, and even make the chiral selection of them. However, until now, this problem has only been studied in compartmentalized experiments. There are separate experiments showing that minerals preconcentrate amino acids by adsorption or catalyze their polymerization, or separate L-amino acids from D-amino acids. Based on the [GADV]-protein world hypothesis, as well as the relative abundance of amino acids on prebiotic Earth obtained by Zaia, several experiments are suggested. The main goal of these experiments is to show that using minerals it is possible, at least, to obtain peptides whose composition includes a high quantity of L-amino acids and protein amino acids (PAAs). These experiments should be performed using hydrothermal environments and wet/dry cycles. In addition, for hydrothermal environment experiments, it is very important to use one of the suggested artificial seawaters, and for wet/dry environments, it is important to perform the experiments in distilled water and diluted salt solutions. Finally, from these experiments, we suggest that, without an RNA world or even a pre genetic world, a small peptide set could emerge that better resembles modern proteins.

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