Trophic interactions of vampire catfishes (Siluriformes: Vandelliinae) revealed by metabarcoding analysis of stomach contents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Orlandi Bonato ◽  
Priscilla Caroline Silva ◽  
Fernando Rogério Carvalho ◽  
Luiz Roberto Malabarba
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Stomach Contents

scholarly journals Plankton food for benthic fish: de visu evidence of trophic interaction between rainbow wrasse (Coris julis) and pelagic tunicates (Pegea confoederata)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico D'Alelio ◽  
Gabriella Luongo ◽  
Iole Di Capua
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Trophic Interaction ◽  
Benthic Fish ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Gulf Of Naples ◽  
Santa Croce ◽  
Rocky Outcrop ◽  
Recreational Scuba

Salps (pelagic tunicates) are rarely observed in nature and trophic interactions involving them mainly rely on the inspection of stomach contents of their potential predators. Moreover, salps have soft bodies that are hardly identified in potential consumers. We involved recreational SCUBA-divers and photographers in collecting de visu evidence of i) massive occurrence of salps and ii) trophic interactions involving salps as preys and benthic animals as consumers. Direct evidence of trophic interactions between salps and benthic fish was documented by photographic frames. We detected a long colony of the salp Pegea confaederata being transported by currents close to the substrate on top of Banco di Santa Croce, an underwater rocky outcrop in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). An individual of the rainbow wrasse Coris julis attacked the above-mentioned salp colony by selectively detaching individuals and biting their stomach. Our report of a trophic interaction between labrids and salps is the second in fifty years and the previous one was only indirect. In this study, citizen science allowed detecting both neglected marine animals like salps and trophic interactions involving them. Visual, direct evidence of predation on salps by benthic fish adds further knowledge about patterns of living-matter fluxes between plankton and benthos, opening new questions on the potential of global change in modifying the efficient circulation of organic matter in marine systems.

scholarly journals Effects of Invasive Jumping Worms (Amynthas spp.) On Microhabitat and Trophic Interactions of Native Herpetofauna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Renee Crone ◽  
Erin L Sauer ◽  
Bradley M Herrick ◽  
David Drake ◽  
Daniel L Preston
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Defensive Behaviors

Abstract Invasive species can affect native communities through multiple mechanisms, including ecosystem engineering and trophic interactions. In North America, invasive jumping worms ( Amynthas spp.) may alter microhabitats used by native herpetofauna or serve as a novel food resource for herpetofauna predators. We investigated effects of Amynthas on leaf litter microhabitat and trophic interactions of native herpetofauna using an outdoor mesocosm experiment, laboratory feeding trials, and field surveys of predator stomach contents in Wisconsin, USA. In mesocosms, Amynthas reduced leaf litter biomass but did not have clear effects on soil conditions (pH, moisture, and temperature) or survival of American toad metamorphs ( Anaxyrus americanus ). In laboratory trials, American toads preyed on Amynthas, though toads were less successful at capturing Amynthas compared with alternative prey, namely European earthworms ( Lumbricus spp.) and crickets ( Acheta domesticus). The differences in prey attack success were likely due to unique defensive behaviors of Amynthas . Amynthas also spent less time moving than Lumbricus , which was associated with later prey detection times by toads. Based on diet surveys, Amynthas are consumed by common garter snakes ( Thamnophis sirtalis ) in southern Wisconsin. We did not find evidence of Amynthas consumption by American toads or red-bellied snakes ( Storeria occipitomaculata ), although additional surveys will be needed to definitively determine whether these taxa are consuming Amynthas . Our findings highlight the importance of studying multiple mechanisms by which invasive species affect native communities and suggest that unique anti-predator behaviors may influence how Amynthas are incorporated into food webs as a novel prey resource.

Trophic position scales positively with body size within but not among four species of rocky reef predators

2020 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Olson ◽  
A Frid ◽  
JBQ dos Santos ◽  
F Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons ◽  
Large Predators

Intra- and interspecifically, larger-bodied predators generally occupy higher trophic positions (TPs). With widespread declines in large predators, there is a need to understand their size-based trophic roles to predict ecosystem-level responses. In British Columbia, Canada, we examined size-based trophic interactions between predatory fishes—3 rockfish species (genus Sebastes) and lingcod Ophiodon elongatus—and their prey, converting predator δ15N signatures to TP and analyzing stomach contents. Intraspecifically, TP scaled positively with predator length and gape width, but the rates of change varied by species. Interspecifically, TP did not scale positively with the observed mean sizes or known maximum sizes of species. Lingcod TP was lower than that of yelloweye and quillback rockfishes, which were 51 and 37%, respectively, smaller than lingcod. Yellowtail rockfish had the smallest average size, yet their mean TP did not differ significantly from that of lingcod. Neither species differences in some morphometric traits known to influence body size-TP relationships nor phylogenetic history explained these results. Most prey consumed were <20% of the predator’s size, which might partially explain the lack of a size-based trophic hierarchy among species. Currently, large size classes of rockfishes are being lost due to fisheries and perhaps climate-driven changes. Our findings on intraspecific size-TP relationships indicate that fishery removals of large individuals may diminish trophic structures. Interspecific comparisons of TP suggest that, along with size, species remain an important factor in understanding trophic dynamics. In addition, smaller-bodied predator species may have significant ecological roles to be considered in ecosystem-based fisheries management.

Using stomach contents for diet analysis of carnivores through DNA barcoding

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Santos ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
Tânia Barros ◽  
Raquel Godinho ◽  
Cristiane Bastos-Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Diet Analysis

A Review on Emerging Floating Drug Delivery System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christe Mary M ◽  
Sasikumar Swamiappan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Gastric Residence Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery System

Presently, various approaches have been exploited in the prolongation of gastric residence time which includes floating drug delivery system (FDDS), swelling and expanding systems, bio-adhesive systems, modified shape systems and high density systems. Among various methods, floating drug delivery system is considered to be a predominant method. Gastric emptying of dosage forms is an extremely varying process and ability to extend and control the emptying time is a valuable resource for the dosage forms. This FDDS is having the ability to provides a solution for this purpose. The FDDS is a bulk density system lower than the gastric fluid, so that the rest will float on the stomach contents for a prolonged period of time and allowing the drug to release slowly at a desired rate from the system and intensifies the bio-availability of the drug having narrow absorption window. The main intension of writing this review on floating drug delivery system is to study the mechanism of flotation to acheive the gastric retention and to discuss briefly about the background of FDDS, advantages and disadvantages, application of FDDS and factors affecting the gastric retension time.

Brief description of prey selectivity and ontogenetic changes in the diet of the invasive lionfish Pterois volitans (Actinopterygii, Scorpaenidae) in the Mexican Caribbean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Ontogenetic Change ◽  
Prey Selectivity ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Pterois Volitans ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Invasive Lionfish

Stomach contents were analyzed from 109 individuals. A total of 4 Genera and 14 Species were identified. Crustaceans accounted for %N=67.39% , %IRI= 86.37% of the total identified taxa and Teleosts %N=32.61% (%IRI = 13.63%). An ontogenetic change was observed in P. volitans diet.

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