scholarly journals Do genetic differences in growth thermal reaction norms maintain genetic variation in timing of diapause induction?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlend I. F. Fossen ◽  
Joost A. M. Raeymaekers ◽  
Sigurd Einum
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Reaction Norms

scholarly journals Do genetic differences in growth thermal reaction norms maintain genetic variation in timing of diapause induction?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlend I. F. Fossen ◽  
Joost A. M. Raeymaekers ◽  
Sigurd Einum
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sexual Production

AbstractAn optimal timing for diapause induction through the sexual production of dormant propagules is expected in populations of annual organisms. Yet, experimental work typically finds high within-population genetic variation in the sexual production of such propagules. Thus, high genetic variation in timing for diapause induction should be a common feature of annual organisms.Here, we hypothesize that genetic variation in the propensity to produce diapause propagules, Pd, is maintained by a genotype-by-environment interaction in growth performance, where fast-growing genotypes within an environment should delay diapause relative to slow-growing genotypes. From this, we derive two predictions. First, if there is ecological crossover in growth performance, the genetic correlation of Pd between environments should be negative. Second, the correlation between absolute plasticities of growth and Pd should be negative.We tested these predictions by quantifying ephippia production in genotypes of a population of the facultative sexual cladoceran Daphnia magna at two temperatures. The population biomass at the onset of ephippia production was used as a measure of Pd, whereas somatic growth rate was used to quantify growth. Plasticity for both measurements was derived from thermal reaction norms.Our results did not support either prediction, as neither the genetic correlation of Pd between environments, nor the correlation between absolute plasticity of growth and Pd were found to be significant.Our results suggest that genetic variation in the timing of diapause is not maintained by genetic differences in thermal growth reaction norms. We propose as an alternative hypothesis that if there is across year variation in how stochastically the environment deteriorates, fluctuating selection may favor genotypes with different Pd between years.

scholarly journals Thermal reaction norms of key metabolic enzymes reflect divergent physiological and behavioral adaptations of closely related amphipod species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Jakob ◽  
Kseniya P. Vereshchagina ◽  
Anette Tillmann ◽  
Lorena Rivarola-Duarte ◽  
Denis V. Axenov-Gribanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

AbstractLake Baikal is inhabited by more than 300 endemic amphipod species, which are narrowly adapted to certain thermal niches due to the high interspecific competition. In contrast, the surrounding freshwater fauna is commonly represented by species with large-scale distribution and high phenotypic thermal plasticity. Here, we investigated the thermal plasticity of the energy metabolism in two closely-related endemic amphipod species from Lake Baikal (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus; stenothermal and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus; eurythermal) and the ubiquitous Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris (eurythermal) by exposure to a summer warming scenario (6–23.6 °C; 0.8 °C d−1). In concert with routine metabolic rates, activities of key metabolic enzymes increased strongly with temperature up to 15 °C in E. verrucosus, whereupon they leveled off (except for lactate dehydrogenase). In contrast, exponential increases were seen in E. cyaneus and G. lacustris throughout the thermal trial (Q10-values: 1.6–3.7). Cytochrome-c-oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities were found to be higher in G. lacustris than in E. cyaneus, especially at the highest experimental temperature (23.6 °C). Decreasing gene expression levels revealed some thermal compensation in E. cyaneus but not in G. lacustris. In all species, shifts in enzyme activities favored glycolytic energy generation in the warmth. The congruent temperature-dependencies of enzyme activities and routine metabolism in E. verrucosus indicate a strong feedback-regulation of enzymatic activities by whole organism responses. The species-specific thermal reaction norms reflect the different ecological niches, including the spatial distribution, distinct thermal behavior such as temperature-dependent migration, movement activity, and mating season.

scholarly journals Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter von Dassow ◽  
Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías ◽  
Sarah Pinon ◽  
Esther Velasco-Senovilla ◽  
Simon Anguita-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The cosmopolitan phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi contrasts with its closest relatives that are restricted to narrower latitudinal bands, making it interesting for exploring how alternative outcomes in phytoplankton range distributions arise. Mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxleyi are shared with their closest relatives: Some E. huxleyi share organelle haplogroups with Gephyrocapsa parvula and G. ericsonii which inhabit lower latitudes, while other E. huxleyi share organelle haplogroups with G. muellerae, which inhabit high latitudes. We investigated whether the phylogeny of E. huxleyi organelles reflects environmental gradients, focusing on the Southeast Pacific where the different haplogroups and species co-occur. There was a high congruence between mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxleyi. Haplogroup II of E. huxleyi is negatively associated with cooler less saline waters, compared to haplogroup I, both when analyzed globally and across temporal variability at the small special scale of a center of coastal upwelling at 30° S. A new mitochondrial haplogroup Ib detected in coastal Chile was associated with warmer waters. In an experiment focused on inter-species comparisons, laboratory-determined thermal reaction norms were consistent with latitudinal/thermal distributions of species, with G. oceanica exhibiting warm thermal optima and tolerance and G. muellerae exhibiting cooler thermal optima and tolerances. Emiliania huxleyi haplogroups I and II tended to exhibit a wider thermal niche compared to the other Gephyrocapsa, but no differences among haplogroups within E. huxleyi were found. A second experiment, controlling for local adaptation and time in culture, found a significant difference between E. huxleyi haplogroups. The difference between I and II was of the expected sign, but not the difference between I and Ib. The differences were small (≤1°C) compared to differences reported previously within E. huxleyi by local adaptation and even in-culture evolution. Haplogroup Ib showed a narrower thermal niche. The cosmopolitanism of E. huxleyi might result from both wide-spread generalist phenotypes and specialist phenotypes, as well as a capacity for local adaptation. Thermal reaction norm differences can well explain the species distributions but poorly explain distributions among mitochondrial haplogroups within E. huxleyi. Perhaps organelle haplogroup distributions reflect historical rather than selective processes.

Host plant adaptation and the evolution of thermal reaction norms

Oecologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Diamond ◽  
Joel G. Kingsolver
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Host Plant Adaptation

scholarly journals Thermal Reaction Norms and the Scale of Temperature Variation: Latitudinal Vulnerability of Intertidal Nacellid Limpets to Climate Change

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e52818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Morley ◽  
Stephanie M. Martin ◽  
Robert W. Day ◽  
Jess Ericson ◽  
Chien-Houng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms

An empirical test for a zone of canalization in thermal reaction norms

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 936-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlend I. F. Fossen ◽  
Christophe Pélabon ◽  
Sigurd Einum
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Test ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms

Animals and the prehistoric origins of economic development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ideen A Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Human Genetic Variation ◽  
Comparative Development ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
European Colonization

Abstract This paper revisits the macro-level relationship between human genetic variation (genetic distance and diversity) and economic development. If other continents were biogeographically more similar to Eurasia, their populations’ capacities to ward off the adverse effects of European colonization would have been much higher and, thus, their economies considerably more prosperous today. At the continental scale, genetic differences between people do not matter for comparative development.

scholarly journals Divergence and ontogenetic coupling of larval behaviour and thermal reaction norms in three closely related butterflies

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1703) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Berger ◽  
Magne Friberg ◽  
Karl Gotthard
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Trade Offs

Genetic trade-offs such as between generalist–specialist strategies can be masked by changes in compensatory processes involving energy allocation and acquisition which regulation depends on the state of the individual and its ecological surroundings. Failure to account for such state dependence may thus lead to misconceptions about the trade-off structure and nature of constraints governing reaction norm evolution. Using three closely related butterflies, we first show that foraging behaviours differ between species and change remarkably throughout ontogeny causing corresponding differences in the thermal niches experienced by the foraging larvae. We further predicted that thermal reaction norms for larval growth rate would show state-dependent variation throughout development as a result of selection for optimizing feeding strategies in the respective foraging niches of young and old larvae. We found substantial developmental plasticity in reaction norms that was species-specific and reflected the different ontogenetic niche shifts. Any conclusions regarding constraints on performance curves or species-differentiation in thermal physiology depend on when reaction norms were measured. This demonstrates that standardized estimates at single points in development, or in general, allow variation in only one ecological dimension, may sometimes provide incomplete information on reaction norm constraints.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document