Long‐term impacts of forest disturbances: Comparing cumulative effects of clearcut logging versus landslide on stream conditions and abundance of a headwater stonefly Scopura montana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Ohira ◽  
Yu’usuke Watanabe ◽  
Takashi Gomi ◽  
Masaru Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Forest Disturbances ◽  
Clearcut Logging

scholarly journals Further evidence of a cumulative effect of social disadvantage on risk of psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Stilo ◽  
C. Gayer-Anderson ◽  
S. Beards ◽  
K. Hubbard ◽  
A. Onyejiaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Contact

BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that indicators of social disadvantage are associated with an increased risk of psychosis. However, only a few studies have specifically looked at cumulative effects and long-term associations. The aims of this study are: To compare the prevalence of specific indicators of social disadvantage at, and prior to, first contact with psychiatric services in patients suffering their first episode of psychosis and in a control sample. To explore long-term associations, cumulative effects, and direction of effects.MethodWe collected information on social disadvantage from 332 patients and from 301 controls recruited from the local population in South London. Three indicators of social disadvantage in childhood and six indicators of social disadvantage in adulthood were analysed.ResultsAcross all the domains considered, cases were more likely to report social disadvantage than were controls. Compared with controls, cases were approximately two times more likely to have had a parent die and approximately three times more likely to have experienced a long-term separation from one parent before the age of 17 years. Cases were also more likely than controls to report two or more indicators of adult social disadvantage, not only at first contact with psychiatric services [odds ratio (OR) 9.5], but also at onset of psychosis (OR 8.5), 1 year pre-onset (OR 4.5), and 5 years pre-onset (OR 2.9).ConclusionsGreater numbers of indicators of current and long-term exposure are associated with progressively greater odds of psychosis. There is some evidence that social disadvantage tends to cluster and accumulate.

Time Effects of Informal Caregiving on Cognitive Function and Well-Being: Evidence From ELSA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Daniel Grühn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Socioemotional Functioning ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Objectives As informal caregiving becomes prevalent, its consequences for caregivers’ cognitive and socioemotional functioning gain more importance for society. There are inconsistent findings regarding the direction of the impact of caregiving—whether caregiving maintains or compromises functioning—and the impact of time—whether the effects accumulate or are stable. In this study, we elucidated 3 time effects of caregiving—concurrent, cumulative, and lagged effects—on cognitive and socioemotional functioning. Research Design and Methods We used data from Wave 1 (2002–2003) to Wave 8 (2016–2017) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and latent growth curve models with the time-varying predictor to investigate 3 time effects of caregiving on cognitive function (memory and executive function) and well-being (life satisfaction and quality of life). Results Over and beyond age effects, current caregiving (concurrent effect) was related to worse well-being and better delayed recall. Little robust cumulative effect was found on cognition and well-being. In addition, there were significant and differential lagged effects of caregiving after controlling for concurrent and cumulative effects; that is, caregiving was related to worse well-being and better memory functioning 2–4 years later. Discussion and Implications The differential concurrent and lagged effects of caregiving on cognitive and socioemotional functioning suggest separate mechanisms for different domains of functioning. The nonsignificant cumulative effects but significant lagged effects imply that even one-time caregiving has long-term (2–4 years) consequences for the caregiver’s future functioning, and the mechanism of long-term caregiving effects may be more qualitative than quantitative.

scholarly journals The discontinuity of environmental effects monitoring in the Lower Athabasca region of Alberta, Canada: institutional challenges to long-term monitoring and cumulative effects management

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua G. Cronmiller ◽  
Bram F. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Monitoring Programs

Long-term regional environmental monitoring, coupled with shorter-term and more localized monitoring carried out under regulatory permitting processes, is foundational to identifying, understanding, and effectively managing cumulative environmental effects. However, monitoring programs that emerge to support cumulative effects science are often short-lived initiatives or disconnected from land use planning and regulatory decision making. This paper examines the history and evolution of environmental monitoring in the Lower Athabasca region of Alberta, Canada, and the enabling and constraining influences of institutional arrangements. Methods involved a review of regional-scale monitoring programs based on an analysis of monitoring agency mandates, performance reports, and external program reviews, supplemented by discussions with monitoring program or agency key informants to triangulate results. Results show that monitoring to support cumulative effects understanding in the Lower Athabasca has advanced considerably, especially since the mid-1990s, but its relevance to, and impact on, cumulative effects management and decision making has been stifled by institutional arrangements. Monitoring has been episodic, reflecting shifting priorities and competing mandates; criticized by stakeholders based on concerns about transparency, credibility, influence over decision making; and characterized by short-lived commitments by the agencies involved. This has generated significant uncertainty about the stability of institutional arrangements to support long-term environmental monitoring, and tensions between the need for scientific autonomy for credible science whilst ensuring the pursuit of monitoring questions that are relevant to the day-to-day needs of regulatory decision makers. Regional monitoring programs require, at a minimum, clear vision and agreed-upon monitoring questions that are of scientific and management value, meaningful and balanced stakeholder engagement, and a clear governance process to ensure credibility and influence of monitoring results on decision making.

scholarly journals Cumulative effects of 20-year exclusion of livestock grazing on above- and belowground biomass of typical steppe communities in arid areas of the Loess Plateau, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cheng ◽  
G.L. Wu ◽  
L.P. Zhao ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
W. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Steppe Communities ◽  
Positive Effect

Overgrazing affects typical steppe community in ways similar to grasslands in other areas. Exclusion of livestock grazing is one of the main management practices used to protect grasslands. However, it is not known if long-term exclusion of livestock grazing has positive effect on above- and belowground community properties in typical steppe of the Loess Plateau. We studied the long-term (20-year) cumulative effects of exclusion of livestock grazing on above- and belowground community properties compared with that before exclusion of livestock grazing in a typical steppe of the Loess Plateau, NW China. Our results show that twenty-year exclusion of livestock grazing significantly increased above- and belowground biomass, species richness, cover and height for five different communities. Most of belowground biomass was in the 0–20 cm horizon and grazing exclusion increased biomass especially at the depth of 0–10 cm. Our study suggests that long-term exclusion of livestock grazing can greatly improve community properties of typical steppe in the Loess Plateau.  

scholarly journals Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relation Between Health and Economic Status

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Dual Relation ◽  
Access To Medical Care

This paper sketches theoretical reasons why health may alter household savings and provides evidence on the empirical impact of health shocks on household wealth. The impacts on saving are quantitatively large and only partly explained by increased out-of-pocket medical expenses. Other contributing factors include reduced earnings and a revision in life expectancy. The author also delves into reasons why economic status, access to medical care, and deleterious personal behaviors have been rejected as insufficient explanations. New theories emphasize long-term impacts of early childhood or even intrauterine factors, cumulative effects of prolonged exposures to stress, or reactions of macrosocietal factors like rising levels of income inequality.

scholarly journals Water Allocation and the Sustainability of Dairying in the Upper Waitaki River Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vicki Addison
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Sustainable Resource Use ◽  
Regional Plan ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Reasonable Use

<p>Water as a resource management issue is gaining prominence in New Zealand, both in terms of quality and quantity. In the Waitaki this became critical in 2003 when several proposed development schemes exposed the inadequacies of the RMA and highlighted the need for a catchment wide plan. Legislation was promulgated and a Regional Plan developed to address the issues of efficient allocation. This thesis aimed to question the efficiency of water allocation within the recent legislation and to examine the sustainability of dairying in this area with regard to cumulative effects to the hydrological system. It was found the Plan has failed to achieve its stated aims. Dairying in the upper Waitaki is currently increasing and applications for resource consent are being heard under legislation that is not backed by the science required within its policies. Fieldwork was undertaken to explore some of the science required under the Regional Plan to enable a 'reasonable use' test to be made. The aim was to assess the response of soils in the upper Waitaki to intensive irrigation. This revealed that the potential impacts of intensive irrigation in this area are significant and highlighted the need for further research. This is a study of how poor policy and planning, based on a lack of robust science has resulted in the inefficient allocation of water. This has implications for long-term sustainable resource use.</p>

Long-Term Cumulative Effects of Repeated Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections on Brow Position

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1252-1254
Author(s):  
Doris Hexsel ◽  
Taciana Dal'Forno ◽  
Camile Hexsel ◽  
Fernanda OliveiraCamozzato
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Cumulative Effects

Long‐Term Cumulative Effects of Intra‐Annual Variability of Unsteady River Discharge on the Progradation of Delta Lobes: A Modeling Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilun Gao ◽  
Dongdong Shao ◽  
Zheng Bing Wang ◽  
William Nardin ◽  
Prateek Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Annual Variability
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document