scholarly journals Temperature and host diet jointly influence the outcome of infection in a Daphnia‐ fungal parasite system

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-767
Author(s):  
Florent Manzi ◽  
Ramsy Agha ◽  
Yameng Lu ◽  
Frida Ben‐Ami ◽  
Justyna Wolinska
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Parasite ◽  
Host Diet

scholarly journals New Insights on the Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) Bacteriome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Elias Asimakis ◽  
Panagiota Stathopoulou ◽  
Apostolis Sapounas ◽  
Kanjana Khaeso ◽  
Costas Batargias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
High Degree

Various factors, including the insect host, diet, and surrounding ecosystem can shape the structure of the bacterial communities of insects. We have employed next generation, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA to characterize the bacteriome of wild Zeugodacus (Bactrocera) cucurbitae (Coquillett) flies from three regions of Bangladesh. The tested populations developed distinct bacterial communities with differences in bacterial composition, suggesting that geography has an impact on the fly bacteriome. The dominant bacteria belonged to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Dysgomonadaceae and Orbaceae, with the genera Dysgonomonas, Orbus and Citrobacter showing the highest relative abundance across populations. Network analysis indicated variable interactions between operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with cases of mutual exclusion and copresence. Certain bacterial genera with high relative abundance were also characterized by a high degree of interactions. Interestingly, genera with a low relative abundance like Shimwellia, Gilliamella, and Chishuiella were among those that showed abundant interactions, suggesting that they are also important components of the bacterial community. Such knowledge could help us identify ideal wild populations for domestication in the context of the sterile insect technique or similar biotechnological methods. Further characterization of this bacterial diversity with transcriptomic and metabolic approaches, could also reveal their specific role in Z. cucurbitae physiology.

The growth of Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) in rats fed on various monosaccharides and disaccharides

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1175) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Aspects of the course of infection, growth and reproductive activity of Moniliformis were studied in adult male and female rats fed on iso -energetic purified diets containing various sugars. When rats were infected and fed on experimental diets containing either 3% glucose or 3% galactose for 5 weeks, very little growth of the worms and no signs of reproduction were observed. In contrast, Moniliformis grew well and showed many signs of normal reproduction when the rats were fed on diets containing either 3% fructose or 3% mannose. The ability of the worms to grow and reproduce was not lost by maintaining them first for 5 weeks in rats fed on diets containing 3% glucose and 3% galactose. When the diets of such rats were changed to ones containing 3% starch and 3% fructose, respectively, for a further 5 weeks, the worms grew and normal reproduction occurred. Similar experiments were carried out in which groups of infected rats were fed for 5 weeks on diets containing gradually increasing amounts of glucose (6-36%). It was not until the rats were fed on diets containing 24% glucose that the mean dry mass of the worms approached that of worms from rats fed on the diet con­taining 3% fructose; no host diet was found to be as effective a supporter of worm growth as 3% mannose. Under no circumstances, not even when the host’s diet contained 36%, was galactose found to be a suitable sugar for supporting the growth and reproduction of Moniliformis . Results consistent with those recorded for worms from rats fed on the diets containing monosaccharides were obtained when infected rats were fed for 5 weeks on diets containing 3% of various disaccharides. Considerable growth and reproduction of Moniliformis occurred when sucrose was included in the host’s diet, but not when lactose, maltose or trehalose was present. Several of these observations may be related to the fact that different sugars are absorbed at different rates from the intestinal tract. It is suggested that all of a given sugar, when present in the diet at a low concentration, may be removed rapidly from the anterior part of the small intestine with the result that none will be available to the parasites. Significant amounts, however, of those sugars that are absorbed more slowly may reach the region of the intestine in which the parasite normally lives.

scholarly journals Persistence of the ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) microbiome to diet manipulation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0241529
Author(s):  
Anita Silver ◽  
Sean Perez ◽  
Melanie Gee ◽  
Bethany Xu ◽  
Shreeya Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Pygidial Gland ◽  
Defensive Compounds ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Host Diet

Host-associated microbiomes can play important roles in the ecology and evolution of their insect hosts, but bacterial diversity in many insect groups remains poorly understood. Here we examine the relationship between host environment, host traits, and microbial diversity in three species in the ground beetle family (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a group of roughly 40,000 species that synthesize a wide diversity of defensive compounds. This study used 16S amplicon sequencing to profile three species that are phylogenetically distantly related, trophically distinct, and whose defensive chemical secretions differ: Anisodactylus similis LeConte, 1851, Pterostichus serripes (LeConte, 1875), and Brachinus elongatulus Chaudoir, 1876. Wild-caught beetles were compared to individuals maintained in the lab for two weeks on carnivorous, herbivorous, or starvation diets (n = 3 beetles for each species-diet combination). Metagenomic samples from two highly active tissue types—guts, and pygidial gland secretory cells (which produce defensive compounds)—were processed and sequenced separately from those of the remaining body. Bacterial composition and diversity of these ground beetles were largely resilient to controlled changes to host diet. Different tissues within the same beetle harbor unique microbial communities, and secretory cells in particular were remarkably similar across species. We also found that these three carabid species have patterns of microbial diversity similar to those previously found in carabid beetles. These results provide a baseline for future studies of the role of microbes in the diversification of carabids.

scholarly journals Diet diversity and environment determine the intestinal microbiome and bacterial pathogen load of fire salamanders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Hannah K. Smith ◽  
Evy Goossens ◽  
Lionel Hertzog ◽  
Molly C. Bletz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
In Fire

AbstractDiverse communities of symbiotic microbes inhabit the digestive systems of vertebrates and play a crucial role in animal health, and host diet plays a major role in shaping the composition and diversity of these communities. Here, we characterized diet and gut microbiome of fire salamander populations from three Belgian forests. We carried out DNA metabarcoding on fecal samples, targeting eukaryotic 18S rRNA of potential dietary prey items, and bacterial 16S rRNA of the concomitant gut microbiome. Our results demonstrated an abundance of soft-bodied prey in the diet of fire salamanders, and a significant difference in the diet composition between males and females. This sex-dependent effect on diet was also reflected in the gut microbiome diversity, which is higher in males than female animals. Proximity to human activities was associated with increased intestinal pathogen loads. Collectively, the data supports a relationship between diet, environment and intestinal microbiome in fire salamanders, with potential health implications.

Influence of host diet on parasitoid fitness: unravelling the complexity of a temperate pastoral agroecosystem

2007 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio A. Urrutia C. ◽  
Mark R. Wade ◽  
Craig B. Phillips ◽  
Steve D. Wratten
Keyword(s):  
Host Diet
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document