Long‐term within‐basin isolation patterns, different conservation units, and interspecific mitochondrial DNA introgression in an amphipod endemic to the ancient Lake Skadar system, Balkan Peninsula

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jabłońska ◽  
Weronika Wrzesińska ◽  
Andrzej Zawal ◽  
Vladimir Pešić ◽  
Michał Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Lake Skadar

scholarly journals Genetic Consequences of Fence Confinement in a Population of White-Tailed Deer

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Emily K. Latch ◽  
Kenneth L. Gee ◽  
Stephen L. Webb ◽  
Rodney L. Honeycutt ◽  
Randy W. DeYoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Mtdna Diversity

Fencing wildlife populations can aid wildlife management goals, but potential benefits may not always outweigh costs of confinement. Population isolation can erode genetic diversity and lead to the accumulation of inbreeding, reducing viability and limiting adaptive potential. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA data collected from 640 white-tailed deer confined within a 1184 ha fence to quantify changes in genetic diversity and inbreeding over the first 12 years of confinement. Genetic diversity was sustained over the course of the study, remaining comparable to unconfined white-tailed deer populations. Uneroded genetic diversity suggests that genetic drift is mitigated by a low level of gene flow, which supports field observations that the fence is not completely impermeable. In year 9 of the study, we observed an unexpected influx of mtDNA diversity and drop in inbreeding as measured by FIS. A male harvest restriction imposed that year increased male survival, and more diverse mating may have contributed to the inbreeding reduction and temporary genetic diversity boost we observed. These data add to our understanding of the long-term impacts of fences on wildlife, but also highlight the importance of continued monitoring of confined populations.

Mitochondrial DNA deletions in the peripheral blood of workers at the Mayak PA who were exposed to long-term combined effects of external γ- and internal α-radiation

BIOPHYSICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1032
Author(s):  
L. V. Malakhova ◽  
M. G. Lomaeva ◽  
M. L. Zakharova ◽  
E. N. Kirillova ◽  
S. N. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Dna Deletions

Abstract 381: Prolonged Renal Failure Leads to Reduced Number of Active Cardiac Mitochondria in a Rat Model for Long Term Chronic Kidney Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Einat A Hertzberg-Bigelman ◽  
Michal Entin-Meer ◽  
Genya Aharon-Hananel ◽  
Ann Saada ◽  
Ran Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Cardiac Mitochondria ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Content

Objectives - Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 is characterized by primary chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to an impairment of cardiac function. We recently showed a reduced expression of several cardiac mitochondrial genes in short-term CKD rat model. We aimed to evaluate whether cardiac mitochondrial structure and function is modified in long-term CKD and if so, to characterize the potential associated mechanisms. Methods - Lewis rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy for induction of CKD. Upon necroscopy, eight months later, cardiac sections were analyzed by histology and electron microscopy (EM). Mitochondrial DNA content was determined by the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome B. Mitochondrial content was assessed by citrate synthase (CS) activity in tissue homogenate and respiratory chain function was determined by the activity of complexes I-IV in isolated mitochondria. The levels of PGC1a, a transcription factor for mitochondrial biogenesis, Angiotensin II type 1 receptor and cytosolic cytochrome C were assayed by western blot. Cytokine serum profile was determined by microarray. Results - Long-term CKD leads to cardiac hypertrophy and increased interstitial fibrosis. EM analysis revealed a massive spatial disarrangement accompanied by a considerably increased volume of swollen-damaged mitochondria in CKD hearts (32±3%, n=5, 48±6%, n=4; respectively; p<0.05). Total mitochondrial DNA content was decreased in cardiac tissue of CKD rats. Concomitantly, active mitochondrial content was significantly reduced. Conversely, no differences were observed in respiratory chain enzymes’ functions (complexes I-IV) in isolated active mitochondria. Moreover, inflammatory response and activation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) were detected in the CKD setting. Conclusion - CKD results in a marked reduction of active mitochondria in the heart. Inflammatory cytokines and RAAS, may set a deleterious environment to cardiac mitochondria, as suggested in non-CKD models. The data may represent a significant milestone in the personalized medicine strategy for treating CKD patients who present with normal cardiac function accompanied by positive biomarkers for cardiac mitochondria damage.

scholarly journals Preparation of mitochondrial DNA from long-term preserved and accident carcass organs in animals.

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Michinari Yokohama ◽  
Taisuke Yamazaki ◽  
Yuichi Kameyama ◽  
Yoshirou Ishijima
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna

scholarly journals DNA barcoding in recognition of Gammarusflock diversity and distribution in the ancient Lake Ohrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wysocka ◽  
Michal Grabowski ◽  
Lidia Sworobowicz ◽  
Sasho Trajanovski ◽  
Tomasz Mamos
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Species Flock ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Main Driver

Lake Ohrid, located on the Balkan Peninsula at the Albanian-Macedonian border, is the oldest European lake (1.3-1.9 My old) and one of the world’s smallest ancient lakes. Taking into account the size of the lake and its biodiversity, it harbors the highest level of endemism, especially within amphipod crustaceans (ca. 90%) with the endemic Gammarus species flock. Our previous studies upon this flock have shown a substantial decoupling between molecular and morphological diversity, existence of cryptic species and puzzling speciation history. In order to explore sources of observed diversity, in the current study we are investigating ecological preferences of the species within the flock, based on their distribution in depth gradient, in relation to molecular diversity based on DNA barcoding. In the study over 200 barcodes were generated and combined with 173 previously published. The specimens were collected from all depth ranges of Lake Ohrid as well as from springs located on or near the banks of the lake. Within the species flock, 13 BIN’s were identified, 12 previously known and one newly recognized, representing separate lineage and putatively a new species. Two of the flock species were found only in the springs: G. sketi and G. cryptosalemaai. G. sketi, previously found only in springs on the southern banks of Lake Ohrid, has now also been discovered in springs in its north-eastern part. Both species show low haplotypic diversity. All remaining species were recorded from the depth between 20 and 60 meters, that is characterized by the highest ecological diversity with different types of substrates: stones, macrophytes, abundant Dreissena shells as well as sand and silt. Among them G. sywulai, G. macedonicus, G. cryptoparechiniformis, G. lychnidensis, G. ochridensis, G. parechinifromis were found exclusively within this depth range. The three latter species represent single BIN and share haplotypes, at the same time this BIN has the highest number of haplotypes in comparison to others. The remaining species found on this depth represent separate BINs with different levels of haplotype diversity. Only G. lychnidensis, G. stankokaramani and G. solidus were found below the depth of 60 meters, in a quite homogenous environment dominated by silt. In the deepest parts of the lake, between 260 and 290 meters, only G. solidus was found. This species is represented only by three haplotypes while G. stankokaramani is characterized by multiple haplotypes partially shared with G. lychnidensis. The shared haplotype represents the only G. lychnidensis occurrences on the depths below 60 meters. Summarizing, the highest abundance of BINs, species and haplotypes was recovered from the most ecologically diversified depth range of the lake (20 to 60 meters). This suggests that ecological heterogeneity could be the main driver of Gammarus species flock diversification in the ancient Lake Ohrid. Due to the complex pattern of morphological diversity, DNA barcoding proved to be the best if not the only method in identification of the species flock diversity.

scholarly journals Pervasive legal threats to protected areas in Brazil

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Alice Biedzicki de Marques ◽  
Carlos A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Vast Network

AbstractBrazil safeguards a vast network of parks and reserves, termed conservation units. The creation of conservation units follows a rigorous legal protocol that grants them long-term stability under varying degrees of formal protection against land-use change. Degazettement, downsizing or downgrading any conservation unit requires a law to be passed. Recent shifts in Brazilian conservation policy have, however, favoured infrastructure projects and agricultural land conversion, even when these initiatives are in direct conflict with established conservation units. Several bills have been proposed by the National Congress, threatening 27 conservation units and bringing the long-term political stability and legal immunity of hitherto sacrosanct reserves into serious question.

Denisovan DNA in Late Pleistocene sediments from Baishiya Karst Cave on the Tibetan Plateau

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6516) ◽  
pp. 584-587
Author(s):  
Dongju Zhang ◽  
Huan Xia ◽  
Fahu Chen ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Viviane Slon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Karst Cave ◽  
Late Middle Pleistocene

A late Middle Pleistocene mandible from Baishiya Karst Cave (BKC) on the Tibetan Plateau has been inferred to be from a Denisovan, an Asian hominin related to Neanderthals, on the basis of an amino acid substitution in its collagen. Here we describe the stratigraphy, chronology, and mitochondrial DNA extracted from the sediments in BKC. We recover Denisovan mitochondrial DNA from sediments deposited ~100 thousand and ~60 thousand years ago (ka) and possibly as recently as ~45 ka. The long-term occupation of BKC by Denisovans suggests that they may have adapted to life at high altitudes and may have contributed such adaptations to modern humans on the Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Medium- and large-sized mammal composition in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and adjacent areas, state of Goiás, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Átilla Colombo Ferreguetti ◽  
Isadora Cristina Motta Lessa ◽  
Emerson Monteiro Vieira ◽  
André Almeida Cunha ◽  
Helena Godoy Bergallo
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome and only 2.8% is represented by protected areas. Considering the relevance of the Cerrado and Conservation Units in preserving the mammalian diversity, we provided the first assessment of the diversity of medium- and large-sized mammal species in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP) and surroundings. We tested the effectiveness of the CVNP by assessing the difference in species composition within the park and its surroundings. We sampled CVNP in the rainy (October-December 2013) and dry seasons (March-June 2014) in order to characterize the seasonality within the community. We selected 36 sampling sites to evaluate the composition of the medium and large mammals in the CVNP and its surroundings, 18 in the CVNP and 18 in the park surroundings. We ordered mammalian composition and frequency of individuals data by using a Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS). We assessed the effect of season (dry and rainy seasons) and locality (within the CVNP and surroundings) on mammalian species richness with a two-way analysis of variance (Two-way ANOVA). We recorded 23 species, 13 within the CVNP and 17 species in its surroundings. Composition and frequency of records differed between dry and rainy seasons, with higher richness in the rainy season. Species’ composition and the frequency of records were also different between within the CVNP and its surroundings, with higher richness in the surroundings. These results provide information for the increase of the knowledge of mammalian ecology but also is useful as a tool for future strategies to the conservation of these species. More attention should be given to the monitoring of these species in the long term because this area still harbor some viable populations.

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