scholarly journals Functional richness outperforms taxonomic richness in predicting ecosystem functioning in natural phytoplankton communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Abonyi ◽  
Zsófia Horváth ◽  
Robert Ptacnik
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

Photoacclimation of natural phytoplankton communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 542 ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Graff ◽  
TK Westberry ◽  
AJ Milligan ◽  
MB Brown ◽  
G Dall’Olmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

scholarly journals Impact of urbanization on functional diversity in macromycete communities along an urban ecosystem in Southwest Mexico

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12191
Author(s):  
Marko Gómez-Hernández ◽  
Emily Avendaño-Villegas ◽  
María Toledo-Garibaldi ◽  
Etelvina Gándara
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Niche Space ◽  
Urbanization Gradient ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Available Resources

Macromycetes are a group of fungi characterized by the production of fruit bodies and are highly relevant in most terrestrial ecosystems as pathogens, mutualists, and organic matter decomposers. Habitat transformation can drastically alter macromycete communities and diminish the contribution of these organisms to ecosystem functioning; however, knowledge on the effect of urbanization on macrofungal communities is scarce. Diversity metrics based on functional traits of macromycete species have shown to be valuable tools to predict how species contribute to ecosystem functionality since traits determine the performance of species in ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess patterns of species richness, functional diversity, and composition of macrofungi in an urban ecosystem in Southwest Mexico, and to identify microclimatic, environmental, and urban factors related to these patterns in order to infer the effect of urbanization on macromycete communities. We selected four oak forests along an urbanization gradient and established a permanent sampling area of 0.1 ha at each site. Macromycete sampling was carried out every week from June to October 2017. The indices used to measure functional diversity were functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDig), and functional evenness (FEve). The metric used to assess variation of macrofungal ecological function along the study area was the functional value. We recorded a total of 134 macromycete species and 223 individuals. Our results indicated a decline of species richness with increased urbanization level related mainly to microclimatic variables, and a high turnover of species composition among study sites, which appears to be related to microclimatic and urbanization variables. FRic decreased with urbanization level, indicating that some of the available resources in the niche space within the most urbanized sites are not being utilized. FDig increased with urbanization, which suggests a high degree of niche differentiation among macromycete species within communities in urbanized areas. FEve did not show notable differences along the urbanization gradient, indicating few variations in the distribution of abundances within the occupied sections of the niche space. Similarly, the functional value was markedly higher in the less urbanized site, suggesting greater performance of functional guilds in that area. Our findings suggest that urbanization has led to a loss of macromycete species and a decrease in functional diversity, causing some sections of the niche space to be hardly occupied and available resources to be under-utilized, which could, to a certain extent, affect ecosystem functioning and stability.

The Effects of Oil and Chemically Dispersed Oil on Natural Phytoplankton Communities

1987 ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Scholten ◽  
J. Kuiper ◽  
H. Het Van Groenewoud ◽  
G. Hoornsman ◽  
E. Van Der Vlies
Keyword(s):  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Chemically Dispersed Oil ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

scholarly journals Lake Phytoplankton Assemblage Altered by Irregularly Shaped PLA Body Wash Microplastics but Not by PS Calibration Beads

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
Kiyoko Yokota ◽  
Marissa Mehlrose
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

Microplastics are an emerging environmental pollutant, whose global ubiquity is becoming increasingly evident. Conventional wastewater treatment does not completely remove them, and there are growing concerns about microplastics in source water and post-treatment drinking water. Microplastics have been reported to alter the development, physiology, and behavior of various aquatic organisms; however, limited knowledge exists on their effect on natural phytoplankton communities. Many studies also use uniformly spherical plastic beads, while most scrub particles in consumer products and secondary microplastics in the environment have various shapes and sizes. We tested the effects of two types of microplastics, 50 µm polystyrene (PS) calibration beads and polylactic acid (PLA) plastic body wash scrub particles, and one type of plant-derived body wash scrub particle on a natural phytoplankton assemblage through a 7-day incubation experiment in a temperate, mesotrophic lake. The calibration beads and the plant-derived particles generally did not alter the taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton in the mesocosms, while the PLA body wash microplastics eliminated cryptophytes (p < 0.001) and increased chrysophytes (p = 0.041). Our findings demonstrate differential effects of irregularly shaped PLA body wash microplastics vs. PS calibration beads on lake phytoplankters and empirically support potential bottom-up alteration of the aquatic food web by secondary microplastics.

Growth stimulation and inhibition of natural phytoplankton communities by model organic ligands in the western subarctic Pacific

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Kondo ◽  
Shigenobu Takeda ◽  
Jun Nishioka ◽  
Mitsuhide Sato ◽  
Hiroaki Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Western Subarctic Pacific ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton
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