Patch size influences perceived patch quality for colonising Culex mosquitoes

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Bohenek ◽  
Matthew R. Pintar ◽  
Tyler M. Breech ◽  
William J. Resetarits
Keyword(s):  
Patch Size ◽  
Patch Quality ◽  
Culex Mosquitoes

Patch Size and Patch Quality of Gall-inducing Aphids in a Mosaic Landscape in Israel

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-J. I. Martinez ◽  
O. Mokady ◽  
D. Wool
Keyword(s):  
Patch Size ◽  
Patch Quality ◽  
Mosaic Landscape

scholarly journals Landscape- and local- level variables affect monarchs in Midwest grasslands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Skye Bruce ◽  
Wayne E. Thogmartin ◽  
Chris Trosen ◽  
Karen Oberhauser ◽  
Claudio Gratton
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Patch Quality ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Local Patch ◽  
Migratory Population

Abstract Context It is estimated that over one billion milkweed stems need to be restored to sustain the eastern North American migratory population of monarch butterflies; where and in what context the stems should be placed on the landscape is key to addressing habitat deficits. Objectives We assessed how the amount of appropriate habitat surrounding a particular patch of monarch habitat affects monarch presence and reproduction. To ensure that habitat restoration efforts are targeted towards areas that maximize monarch population growth, it is important to understand the effects of landscape heterogeneity on monarch occurrence in habitat patches (i.e. grasslands with milkweeds) across the landscape. Methods Over two summers (2018-2019), we surveyed monarch adults, larvae, and eggs at sixty grassland sites in Wisconsin that varied in patch size and landscape context (proportion grassland, forest edge density, and road density). We also estimated milkweed density and floral richness to characterize local patch quality. Results Adult monarch abundance was highest at patches with the lowest proportion of surrounding grassland and lowest road density, and was heavily influenced by patch quality variables. Egg and larva density in a patch increased with milkweed density and floral richness within a patch. Patch size was unrelated to monarch abundance. Conclusions These results suggest that optimal sites for monarch habitat restoration are within landscapes with less surrounding habitat and that high milkweed density and floral richness should be conservation goals.

Predation risk and patch size jointly determine perceived patch quality in ovipositing treefrogs,Hyla chrysoscelis

Ecology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Resetarits ◽  
Jason R. Bohenek ◽  
Tyler Breech ◽  
Matthew R. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Patch Quality

Habitat fragmentation causes collapse of kelp recruitment

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
C Layton ◽  
MJ Cameron ◽  
M Tatsumi ◽  
V Shelamoff ◽  
JT Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Turf Algae

Kelp forests in many regions are experiencing disturbance from anthropogenic sources such as ocean warming, pollution, and overgrazing. Unlike natural disturbances such as storms, anthropogenic disturbances often manifest as press perturbations that cause persistent alterations to the environment. One consequence is that some kelp forests are becoming increasingly sparse and fragmented. We manipulated patch size of the kelp Ecklonia radiata over 24 mo to simulate persistent habitat fragmentation and assessed how this influenced the demography of macro- and microscopic juvenile kelp within the patches. At the beginning of the experiment, patch formation resulted in short-term increases in E. radiata recruitment in patches <1 m2. However, recruitment collapsed in those same patches over the extended period, with no recruits observed after 15 mo. Experimental transplants of microscopic and macroscopic juvenile sporophytes into the patches failed to identify the life stage impacted by the reductions in patch size, indicating that the effects may be subtle and require extended periods to manifest, and/or that another life stage is responsible. Abiotic measurements within the patches indicated that kelp were less able to engineer the sub-canopy environment in smaller patches. In particular, reduced shading of the sub-canopy in smaller patches was associated with proliferation of sediments and turf algae, which potentially contributed to the collapse of recruitment. We demonstrate the consequences of short- and longer-term degradation of E. radiata habitats and conclude that habitat fragmentation can lead to severe disruptions to kelp demography.

A Hybrid Inpainting Model Combining Diffusion and Enhanced Exemplar Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sreelakshmy I. J. ◽  
Binsu C. Kovoor
Keyword(s):  
Patch Size ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
External Information ◽  
Image Editing ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The World

Image inpainting is a technique in the world of image editing where missing portions of the image are estimated and filled with the help of available or external information. In the proposed model, a novel hybrid inpainting algorithm is implemented, which adds the benefits of a diffusion-based inpainting method to an enhanced exemplar algorithm. The structure part of the image is dealt with a diffusion-based method, followed by applying an adaptive patch size–based exemplar inpainting. Due to its hybrid nature, the proposed model exceeds the quality of output obtained by applying conventional methods individually. A new term, coefficient of smoothness, is introduced in the model, which is used in the computation of adaptive patch size for the enhanced exemplar method. An automatic mask generation module relieves the user from the burden of creating additional mask input. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation is performed on images from various datasets. The results provide a testimonial to the fact that the proposed model is faster in the case of smooth images. Moreover, the proposed model provides good quality results while inpainting natural images with both texture and structure regions.

scholarly journals Patch Size and Landscape Effects on Density and Nesting Success of Grassland Birds

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAIKEN WINTER ◽  
DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON ◽  
JILL A. SHAFFER ◽  
THERESE M. DONOVAN ◽  
W. DANIEL SVEDARSKY
Keyword(s):  
Patch Size ◽  
Grassland Birds ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Landscape Effects
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