Many faces of sleep regulation: beyond the time of day and prior wake time

Sleep maturation influences cognitive development of preterm toddlers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95495-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akiko Ando ◽

Hidenobu Ohta ◽

Yuko Yoshimura ◽

Machiko Nakagawa ◽

Yoko Asaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Development ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Sleep Diary ◽

Sleep Regulation ◽

Wake Time ◽

Daytime Nap ◽

Nighttime Sleep ◽

The Relationship

AbstractOur recent study on full-term toddlers demonstrated that daytime nap properties affect the distribution ratio between nap and nighttime sleep duration in total sleep time but does not affect the overall total amount of daily sleep time. However, there is still no clear scientific consensus as to whether the ratio between naps and nighttime sleep or just daily total sleep duration itself is more important for healthy child development. In the current study, to gain an answer to this question, we examined the relationship between the sleep properties and the cognitive development of toddlers born prematurely using actigraphy and the Kyoto scale of psychological development (KSPD) test. 101 premature toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age were recruited for the study. Actigraphy units were attached to their waist with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found no significant correlation between either nap or nighttime sleep duration and cognitive development of the preterm toddlers. In contrast, we found that stable daily wake time was significantly associated with better cognitive development, suggesting that sleep regulation may contribute to the brain maturation of preterm toddlers.

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Simulated driving under the influence of extended wake, time of day and sleep restriction

Accident Analysis & Prevention ◽

10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.027 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 55-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Raymond W. Matthews ◽

Sally A. Ferguson ◽

Xuan Zhou ◽

Anastasi Kosmadopoulos ◽

David J. Kennaway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Of Day ◽

Driving Under The Influence ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Simulated Driving ◽

Wake Time

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Befogging reason, undermining will: Understanding the prohibition of sleep deprivation as torture and ill-treatment in international law

Torture Journal ◽

10.7146/torture.v29i2.109620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 11-22

Author(s):

Ergün Cakal

Keyword(s):

Sleep Deprivation ◽

English Language ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Sleep Regulation ◽

Legal Principles ◽

Search Terms ◽

Legal Literature ◽

English Language Journal ◽

Pain And Suffering

Background: Sleep deprivation is a prevalent method of psychological torture. However, difficulties in documentation have meant that it is not adequately appreciated by courts and other quasijudicial institutions such as UN treaty bodies. Method: This paper aims to review the legal literature on deprivation of sleep, the definition, and prohibition of torture and ill-treatment, and its health impacts. A number of texts were identified and analyzed based on contextual relevance: criminal justice processes as well as medical literature on health impacts. The texts were identified via a search of key legal and health databases using the search terms “sleep deprivation,” “sleep adjustment,” and “sleep regulation.” These texts were limited to English-language journal articles, NGO reports, court-cases and UN documents since 1950. They were then analyzed for their approaches to conceptualizing sleep deprivation from the perspective of assessing “severe pain and suffering” and the “diminishment of mental capacity”. Results/Discussion: Sleep deprivation is an ill-defined and, in turn, poorly documented method of torture, particularly when prolonged or inflicted in combination with othermethods (e.g., threats) and conditions (e.g., disruptive environment or time of day). More nuanced legal principles, informed by medical evidence, are lacking. Applying these principles would sharpen its conceptualization.

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