scholarly journals Shared Residence After Separation: A Review and New Findings from the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Rigt Poortman ◽  
Ruben van Gaalen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Shared Residence

Jihadist Travelers and Terrorism Risk Assessment in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Weenink ◽  
Shanti Vooren-Morsing
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Terrorism Risk ◽  
Risk Assessment Instrument ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Managing Risk

In the Netherlands, police use IR46 as a Terrorism Risk Assessment Instrument for identifying radicalized individuals and the risk or threat they pose. Originally, its focus was on ideological radicalization as a precursor to terrorist violence. Here, it reflected mainstream thinking in terrorism studies, which held that terrorists overall are ‘normal’ in terms of mental health and socio-economic backgrounds. New empirical research called this ‘normality paradigm’ into doubt, and IR46 has changed accordingly. One example of this research was a 2015 study in Dutch police files describing behavioural problems and disorders in jihadist travelers to the Middle East. This chapter presents new findings from a follow-up study from 2019. The studies, and similar research elsewhere, have indicated that jihadist travelers on average have a history of adverse socio-economic conditions, high criminality, and more mental health problems than their peers. Individual backgrounds may have contributed to their susceptibility to extremist messages. These backgrounds can be quite diverse though, which does not allow for an accurate prediction of those who actually commit a terrorist crime. Nevertheless, insight in these backgrounds provides new angles for identifying and managing risk in individuals of concern.

scholarly journals Risk and Preventive Factors for SUDI: Need We Adjust the Current Prevention Advice in a Low-Incidence Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floortje Kanits ◽  
Monique P. L'Hoir ◽  
Magda M. Boere-Boonekamp ◽  
Adèle C. Engelberts ◽  
Edith J. M. Feskens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Bed Sharing ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Low Incidence

Background: The incidence of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) is low in the Netherlands, with an incidence rate of 0.18 per 1,000 live births. Therefore, prevention advice may receive less attention, potentially leading to increasing incidence rates. It is currently unknown whether the risks for SUDI changed in the Netherlands, and if other risk factors might be present. The aim of this study was to examine the current risks and preventive factors for SUDI in Dutch infants, in order to determine if it is necessary to adapt the prevention advice toward the current needs.Methods: A case-control study was conducted comparing SUDI cases aged <12 months from 2014–2020 in the Netherlands (n = 47), to a Dutch national survey control group from 2017 including infants <12 months of age (n = 1,192).Results: Elevated risks for several well-known factors were observed, namely: duvet use (aOR = 8.6), mother smoked during pregnancy (aOR = 9.7), or after pregnancy (aOR = 5.4) and the prone sleeping position (aOR = 4.6). Reduced risks were observed for the well-known factors: room-sharing (aOR = 0.3), sleep sack use (aOR = 0.3), breastfeeding (aOR = 0.3), and the use of a pacifier (aOR = 0.4). For infants <4 months, the risk for SUDI was higher when bed-sharing (aOR = 3.3), and lower when room-sharing (aOR = 0.2) compared to older infants. For older infants, the sleep sack was found to be more protective (aOR = 0.2). A high risk for SUDI when bed-sharing was found when mother smoked, smoked during pregnancy, or if the infant did not receive any breastfeeding (respectively aOR = 17.7, aOR = 10.8, aOR = 9.2).Conclusions: Internationally known factors related to the sudden unexpected death of infants were also found in this study. Relatively new findings are related to specific groups of infants, in which the strengths of these risk factors differed. In a low-incidence country like the Netherlands, renewed attention to the current prevention advice is needed. Furthermore, additional attention for prevention measures in low educated groups, and additional advice specifically targeting high-risk groups is recommended.

scholarly journals The effects of COVID-19 litter on animal life

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Auke-Florian Hiemstra ◽  
Liselotte Rambonnet ◽  
Barbara Gravendeel ◽  
Menno Schilthuizen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Animal Life ◽  
Link Type ◽  
First Case ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Nesting Material

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is massively used, resulting in a new wave of litter: protective face masks and gloves. Here we present the first case of a fish entrapped in a medical glove, encountered during a canal clean-up in Leiden, The Netherlands. We also report the first cases of birds using medical face masks as nesting material, which were also found in the Dutch canals. To place these new findings in context, we collected online reported interactions of animals with PPE litter, since the start of the pandemic. This resulted in the first overview of cases of entanglement, entrapment and ingestion of COVID-19 litter by animals and the use of it as nesting material. We signal COVID-19 litter as a new threat to animal life as the materials designed to keep us safe are actually harming animals around us. To understand the full scale of this problem, we welcome anyone to contribute to our overview by submitting their observations online at www.covidlitter.com. To further prevent PPE litter, it is recommended that, when possible, reusable alternatives are used.

Further studies on the ultrastructure of the cochlea

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Zhixian Wang ◽  
Pinjin Zhu ◽  
Jianhe Sun ◽  
Xuezheng Song
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Hearing Research ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Accurate Observation

Hearing research is important not only for clinical, professional and military medicine, but also for toxicology, gerontology and genetics. Ultrastructure of the cochlea attracts much attention of electron microscopists, (1―3) but the research lags far behind that of the other parts of the organnism. On the basis of careful microdissection, technical improvment and accurate observation, we have got some new findings which have not been reported in the literature.We collected four cochleas from human corpses. Temporal bones dissected 1 h after death and cochleas perfused with fixatives 4 h after death were good enough in terms of preservation of fine structures. SEM:The apical surface of OHCs (Outer hair cells) and DTs (Deiters cells) is narrower than that of IPs (Inner pillar cells). The mosaic configuration of the reticular membrane is not typical. The stereocilia of IHCs (Inner hair cells) are not uniform and some kinocilia could be seen on the OHCs in adults. The epithelial surface of RM (Reissner’s membrane) is not smooth and no mesh could be seen on the mesothelial surface of RM. TEM.

Insights into the biochemical and functional characterization of sortase E transpeptidase of Corynebacterium glutamicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3835-3847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyath Susmitha ◽  
Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri ◽  
Harsha Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Sortase A ◽  
Peptide Cleavage ◽  
New Findings

Most Gram-positive bacteria contain a membrane-bound transpeptidase known as sortase which covalently incorporates the surface proteins on to the cell wall. The sortase-displayed protein structures are involved in cell attachment, nutrient uptake and aerial hyphae formation. Among the six classes of sortase (A–F), sortase A of S. aureus is the well-characterized housekeeping enzyme considered as an ideal drug target and a valuable biochemical reagent for protein engineering. Similar to SrtA, class E sortase in GC rich bacteria plays a housekeeping role which is not studied extensively. However, C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, an industrially important organism known for amino acid production, carries a single putative sortase (NCgl2838) gene but neither in vitro peptide cleavage activity nor biochemical characterizations have been investigated. Here, we identified that the gene is having a sortase activity and analyzed its structural similarity with Cd-SrtF. The purified enzyme showed a greater affinity toward LAXTG substrate with a calculated KM of 12 ± 1 µM, one of the highest affinities reported for this class of enzyme. Moreover, site-directed mutation studies were carried to ascertain the structure functional relationship of Cg-SrtE and all these are new findings which will enable us to perceive exciting protein engineering applications with this class of enzyme from a non-pathogenic microbe.

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