Coping in the Aftermath of Youth's Suicidal Behaviors: A Comparison of Black Mothers and White Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Otima Doyle ◽  
Bridget E. Weller ◽  
David B. Goldston ◽  
Alfiee M. Breland‐Noble ◽  
Sue E. Estroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Mothers ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
White Mothers

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1977

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vital Statistic ◽  
White Mothers

In the article " Annual Summary of Vital Statistic—1977" by M.E. Wegman (Pediatrics 62:947-954, December 1978) an incorrect figure was given (p 948, col 1) for the number of babies born to white mothers under 19 years of age. The sentence should read: " White mothers age 19 and under had 398,329 babies; black mothers in the same age group had 160,597."

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Associations between Neighborhood Demographic Polarization and Birth Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3076
Author(s):  
Kelvin C. Fong ◽  
Maayan Yitshak-Sade ◽  
Kevin J. Lane ◽  
M. Patricia Fabian ◽  
Itai Kloog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
Demographic Indices ◽  
Birth Records

Neighborhood demographic polarization, or the extent to which a privileged population group outnumbers a deprived group, can affect health by influencing social dynamics. While using birth records from 2001 to 2013 in Massachusetts (n = 629,675), we estimated the effect of two demographic indices, racial residential polarization (RRP) and economic residential polarization (ERP), on birth weight outcomes, which are established predictors of the newborn’s future morbidity and mortality risk. Higher RRP and ERP was each associated with higher continuous birth weight and lower odds for low birth weight and small for gestational age, with evidence for effect modification by maternal race. On average, per interquartile range increase in RRP, the birth weight was 10.0 g (95% confidence interval: 8.0, 12.0) higher among babies born to white mothers versus 6.9 g (95% CI: 4.8, 9.0) higher among those born to black mothers. For ERP, it was 18.6 g (95% CI: 15.7, 21.5) higher among those that were born to white mothers versus 1.8 g (95% CI: −4.2, 7.8) higher among those born to black mothers. Racial and economic polarization towards more privileged groups was associated with healthier birth weight outcomes, with greater estimated effects in babies that were born to white mothers than those born to black mothers.

scholarly journals Competing effects on the average age of infant death

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Alexander ◽  
Leslie Root
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Approximation Formula ◽  
First Year ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
First Year Of Life

In recent decades, the relationship between the average length of life for those who die in the first year of life — the lifetable quantity 1𝑎0 — and the level of infant mortality, on which its calculation is often based, has broken down. The very low levels of infant mortality in the developed world correspond to a range of 1𝑎0 quantities. We illustrate the competing effect of falling mortality and reduction in preterm births on 1𝑎0, through two populations with very different levels of premature birth — infants born to non-Hispanic white mothers and to non- Hispanic black mothers in the United States. Through simulation, we further demonstrate that falling mortality reduces 1𝑎0, while a reduction in premature births increases it. We use these observations to motivate the formulation of a new approximation formula for 1𝑎0 in low- mortality contexts, which is a function of both the infant mortality rate and the ratio of infant to under-five mortality. Model results and validation show that this model outperforms existing alternatives.

Race, Incarceration, and Motherhood

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Easterling ◽  
Ben Feldmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Maternal Incarceration ◽  
Family Problems ◽  
White Mothers

Extant research on maternal incarceration has focused either on mothers as a whole (not disaggregated by race) or on the experiences of urban Black mothers, with relatively little focused attention on the experiences of their White counterparts. This study expands research on incarceration and its effects using qualitative interviews to explore how prison shapes identity construction among an understudied population—rural White mothers. Mothers in our sample expressed histories of family problems and drug use. Uniquely, we explore findings from a framework of “spoiled identity” for both the mothers themselves and their children as a result of their incarceration.

scholarly journals RACE DIFFERENCES IN THE CONSEQUENCES OF ADULT CHILDREN’S PROBLEMS ON MOTHERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S673-S673
Author(s):  
Catherine Stepniak ◽  
J Jill Suitor ◽  
Megan Gilligan ◽  
Karl Pillemer ◽  
Marissa Rurka
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
White Families ◽  
Race Disparities ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Adult children’s problems have been found to be strong predictors of older parents’ psychological well-being, regardless of whether the sources of the problems are psychological or physical health, life circumstances outside of the children’s control, or children’s poor life decisions. Further, this pattern remains regardless of the number or proportion of offspring with problems, or whether children with problems were favored or disfavored by their parents. One important question that has not been addressed is whether the impact of children’s problems differs in Black and White families. Race disparities in health and other life circumstances lead Black adult children to be at greater risk of experiencing problems than are their White counterparts. Thus, Black mothers are at greater risk of having adult children with problems; however, increased exposure does not necessarily lead to a stronger impact of children’s problems on well-being. Alternatively, it can be argued that due to stronger kin networks and higher levels of religiosity, children’s problems may have a weaker impact on Black than White mothers’ well-being. In this paper, we use mixed-methods data collected from 101 Black mothers and 295 White mothers as part of the Within-Family Differences Study to explore differences in the impact of adult children’s problems on mothers’ depressive symptoms. Preliminary analyses of quantitative and qualitative data suggest that mothers’ interpretations of the circumstances surrounding their children’s problems, rather than support or type of problem, play a greater role in the impact of those problems on well-being in Black than White families.

Impact of Maternal and Child Race on Maternal Ratings of ADHD Symptoms in Black and White Boys

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1246-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Barrett ◽  
George J. DuPaul
Keyword(s):  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
Symptom Ratings ◽  
Assessment Measures

Objective: Examine the influence of maternal and child race on ADHD symptom ratings. Method: Participants were Black ( n = 63) and White ( n = 68) mothers randomly assigned to view a 13-min videotape of either a Black or White boy displaying similar levels of ADHD-related behaviors during free play and meal situations. Mothers then completed an ADHD rating scale. Results: With maternal age and socioeconomic status (SES) as covariates, Black mothers provided significantly higher ratings of inattentive and hyperactive–impulsive symptoms than did White mothers regardless of child race. The effect of child race was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Maternal race appears to be more important than child race in accounting for differences in ADHD symptom ratings between Black and White boys. It is critical to understand variables related to these differences and develop assessment measures that lead to equivalent, accurate diagnostic decisions across racial subgroups.

scholarly journals Motherhood, Psychological Risks, and Resources in Relation to Alcohol Use Disorder: Are There Differences between Black and White Women?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundari Balan ◽  
Gregory Widner ◽  
Hsing-Jung Chen ◽  
Darrell Hudson ◽  
Sarah Gehlert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
White Women ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Mothers

Rates of alcohol use disorders (AUD) are generally low among women who have ever had children (mothers) compared to women who have never had children (nonmothers), presenting a motherhood advantage. It is unclear if this advantage accrues to “Black” and “White” women alike. Using National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) wave 2 cross-sectional data that is rich in alcohol use and psychological measures, we examined the following: (a) if motherhood is protective for past-year AUD among Black (N=4,133) and White women (N=11,017); (b) potential explanatory psychological mechanisms; and (c) the role of race. Prevalence of a past-year DSM-IV AUD was lower among White mothers compared to White nonmothers, but this same advantage was not observed for Black women. Perceived stress was a risk for all women, but race-ethnic segregated social networks and perceived discrimination predicted current AUD for Black mothers. Unlike White mothers, current psychological factors but not family history of alcohol problems predicted AUD for Black mothers. Future prospective studies should address the mechanisms by which race, motherhood, and psychological factors interactively affect AUD in women.

scholarly journals Racial-Nativity Differences in Maternal Parental Stress: Exploring the Impacts of Socioeconomic Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
Asian Mothers ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study examines racial and nativity differences in mothers’ parental stress levels, and how mothers’ socioeconomic status (SES), including education, employment, and household income predict their levels of parental stress.Background: SES is an important predictor of mothers’ parental stress. Racial minority and immigrant mothers generally face higher parental stress than native-born White mothers. However, less is known about if the differences in stress are caused by racial and nativity disparities in SES or by the diverse impacts of SES on the stress of mothers from different racial and nativity groups.Method: Using the second wave of Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: 2010-11 Kindergarten Class (N=8,336, https://nces.ed.gov/ecls/), I estimated racial and nativity differences in parental stress levels using OLS regression. Regression coefficients were compared across racial and nativity groups using Stata’s suest and test commands to explore racial and nativity differences in how SES predicts parental stress.Result: Foreign-born Black, Hispanic, Asian, and native-born Asian mothers experienced higher parental stress than native-born White mothers. Low SES was associated with higher parental stress among Black and Hispanic mothers, especially among foreign-born Black mothers. Among White and Asian mothers, socioeconomic disadvantage did not necessarily predict higher parental stress. Conclusion: Disparities in SES are not enough to explain racial minority and immigrant mothers’ higher parental stress relative to native-born White mothers. The impact of SES on parental stress also varies across racial and nativity groups, possibly due to the systemic racism against Black and Hispanic population, and the racial and nativity differences in motherhood ideology.

Predicting Health Behaviors Among Low-Income Black Mothers and White Mothers

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Tucker ◽  
Ashley M. Butler ◽  
Frederic F. Desmond ◽  
Imicuk S. Loyuk
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
White Mothers

State Policies, Racial Disparities, and Income Support: A Way to Address Infant Outcomes and the Persistent Black-White Gap?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean E. Robinson ◽  
Jessica Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Low-birthweight and preterm births vary by state, and black mothers typically face twice the risk that their white counterparts do. This gap reflects an accumulation of psychosocial and material exposures which include interpersonal racism, as well as differential experience with area-level deprivation like residential segregation, and other harmful exposures that we refer to as “institutional” or “structural” racism. We use logistic regression models and a data set that includes all births from 1994-2017, as well as five state policies from this period—Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Aid for Needy Families, Housing Assistance, Medicaid, Minimum Wage and Earned Income Tax Credit—to examine whether these state social policies, designed to provide a financial “safety net,” are associated with risk reduction of low birthweight and preterm birth to black and white mothers, and whether variations in state generosity attenuate the racial inequalities in birth outcomes. We also examine whether the relationship between state policies and racial inequalities in birth outcomes is moderated by the education level of the mother. We find that the EITC reduces the risk of low birthweight and preterm birth for black mothers. The impact is much less consistent for white mothers. For both black and white mothers, the benefits to birth outcomes are larger for mothers with less education.

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