Perceived Parental Anxiety and Depressive Problems and Emerging Adult Oppositional Defiant Problems: Moderated Mediation by Psychological and Physical Maltreatment and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Stearns ◽  
Cliff McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Parental Anxiety ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Physical Maltreatment

Emerging Adult Report of Childhood Maltreatment and Related Facets of Impulsivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Mary Moussa Rogers ◽  
Erica Szkody ◽  
Cliff McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Emotional Maltreatment ◽  
Gender Dyads ◽  
Physical Maltreatment

Childhood maltreatment is related to a host of outcomes, many of which may be partially explained by the transdiagnostic factor of impulsivity. The research linking maltreatment to impulsivity is well supported. However, research differentiating between emotional and physical maltreatment and impulsivity is lacking, particularly with regard to facets of trait impulsivity. Thus, the current study examined the links between childhood emotional and physical maltreatment and current impulsivity traits of positive and negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking in emerging adults. Furthermore, effects of maltreatment are known to differ by the gender of the parent and the gender of the child. Thus, differences between parent-emerging adult child gender dyads were also examined. Results suggested both physical and emotional maltreatment were associated with negative urgency across the parent–child gender dyads. Emotional maltreatment and physical maltreatment differed in relation to impulsivity facet across parent and child gender. Results contribute to a knowledge base to use in future exploration of emotional and physical maltreatment outcomes and targets of intervention.

Effects of Parenting Styles on Psychological Problems by Self Esteem and Gender Differences

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2095844
Author(s):  
Erica Szkody ◽  
Ellen H. Steele ◽  
Cliff McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Female Self ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Current research supports the lasting effects of parenting styles on children and adolescents’ self-esteem, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Few studies have examined parenting style, self-esteem, and psychological problems together while considering gender. The current study explored the indirect effect of parenting style though self-esteem on emerging adult psychological problems as moderated by gender among 381 emerging adults. The most notable finding suggested that maternal authoritative parenting was related to higher levels of female self-esteem, which in turn related to lower levels of female psychological problems. Results indicated a relationship between higher levels of self-esteem and lower psychological problems. Findings from the current study contribute to research emphasizing the long-lasting effects of parenting style on emerging adult self-esteem and mental health, particularly among females.

The Associations Between Pre- and Postnatal Maternal Symptoms of Distress and Preschooler’s Symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Anxiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bothild Bendiksen ◽  
Heidi Aase ◽  
Lien My Diep ◽  
Elisabeth Svensson ◽  
Svein Friis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Gender

Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the associations between pre- and postnatal maternal distress and preschooler’s symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and anxiety, by timing and gender. Method: Children, aged 3.5 years ( N = 1,195), recruited from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, were assessed with a semistructured parental psychiatric interview. Perinatal maternal symptoms of distress were assessed by Symptom Checklist (SCL-5); Poisson regression was used to examine the associations. Results: Mid-gestational maternal distress significantly increased the average number of child symptoms, ranging between 3.8% for ADHD hyperactive–impulsive (ADHD-HI) and 8.7% for anxiety. The combination of high maternal scores of distress both pre- and postnatally were associated with increased risk of child symptoms of anxiety (relative risk [RR] = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.43, 3.07]), CD (RR = 1.83; 95% CI = [1.33, 2.51]), and ODD (RR = 1.30; 95% CI = [1.03, 1.64]), with minor sex differences. Conclusion: Maternal distress during mid-gestation was associated with ADHD, behavioral, and emotional symptoms in preschool children. Continued exposure into the postnatal period may further increase these risk associations .

Prevalence and Gender Differences of ODD, Anxiety, and Depression in a Sample of Children With ADHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1339-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudlaug Marion Mitchison ◽  
Urdur Njardvik
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Reported Data

Objective: Studies on comorbidity in children diagnosed with ADHD have relied more on parent/teacher reports instead of self-reported data and have focused on the frequency of comorbid symptoms instead of scores above clinical cutoffs. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, and depression in children with ADHD, using self-report measures for internalizing symptoms and parent-reported measures for externalizing symptoms for increased accuracy. Gender differences were also assessed. Method: Parents of 197 children diagnosed with ADHD answered the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale, and 112 of the children filled out the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children and the Children’s Depression Inventory. Results: Results revealed that 19.28% of the children met cut-off criteria for ODD, 41.96% for anxiety, and 21.43% for depression. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a relatively lower prevalence of ODD and a slightly higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms than previously reported. Possible explanations and future directions are discussed.

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