Forage fish fisheries management requires a tailored approach to balance trade-offs

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Siple ◽  
Timothy E. Essington ◽  
Éva E. Plagányi
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Tailored Approach ◽  
Balance Trade

scholarly journals Assessing trade-offs to inform ecosystem-based fisheries management of forage fish

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Olaf Shelton ◽  
Jameal F. Samhouri ◽  
Adrian C. Stier ◽  
Philip S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

White clover sensitivity to UV-B radiation - biochemical relationships and interaction with drought

2003 ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
R.W. Hofmann ◽  
B.D. Campbell ◽  
E.E. Swinny ◽  
S.J. Bloor ◽  
K.R. Markham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Population Comparisons ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Balance Trade

During summertime in New Zealand, white clover experiences high levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. This frequently coincides with periods of summer drought. We investigated responses to UV-B and to the combination of UV-B and drought in various white clover populations, including New Zealand cultivars and ecotypes as well as overseas germplasm. The results were obtained under controlled environmental conditions in three independent trials. Overall, white clover growth was reduced by UV-B. The population comparisons indicated that low growth rate and adaptation to other forms of stress may be related to UV-B tolerance under well-watered conditions, but not during extended periods of drought. Flavonoid pigments that are involved in stress protection were strongly increased under UV-B and were further enhanced in the combination of UV-B and drought. The responses among these flavonoids were highly specific, with more pronounced UV-B-induced increases in quercetin glycosides, compared to their closely related kaempferol counterparts. UV-B toler ance of the less productive white clover populations was linked to the accumulation of quercetin compounds. In conclusion, these studies suggest (i) that slow-growing white clover ecotypes adapted to other stresses have higher capacity for biochemical acclimation to UV-B under well-watered conditions and (ii) that these biochemical attributes may also contribute to decreased UV-B sensitivity across white clover populations under drought. The findings alert plant breeders to potential benefits of selecting productive germplasm for high levels of specific flavonoids to balance trade-offs between plant productivity and stress tolerance. Keywords: Drought, flavonoids, genetic variation, HPLC, kaempferol, quercetin, str ess, Trifolium repens L., ultraviolet-B, white clover

DO WE NEED VERY STIFF FILLERS?

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Material Model ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Macroscopic Strain ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Simple Material ◽  
Strain Concentration ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Balance Trade

ABSTRACT The influence of reinforcing fillers on the stretching of a rubber matrix is analyzed. It is shown that a filler stiffness higher than a critical stiffness does not further enhance the stiffness of the reinforced elastomer. The stiffer filler induces a higher stress–strain concentration and causes filler–rubber dissociation or chain scission at a lower macroscopic strain. Reducing filler stiffness can reduce the stress–strain concentration and therefore delay rubber chain scission or dissociation from the filler surface. Accordingly, the toughness of the reinforced elastomer could be improved. A simple material model is developed to predict the maximum macroscopic strain without bond scission in a reinforced elastomer. It is shown that reduced filler stiffness is beneficial for cases with (i) reduced bond strength, (ii) increased rubber matrix stiffness, and (iii) increased application strain of the reinforced elastomer. The model can be used to design the appropriate filler stiffness to balance trade-offs of stiffness and toughness of reinforced elastomers.

scholarly journals Assessing Social – Ecological Trade-Offs to Advance Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Voss ◽  
Martin F. Quaas ◽  
Jörn O. Schmidt ◽  
Olli Tahvonen ◽  
Martin Lindegren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

scholarly journals Leaders’ ambidexterity traits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Boronat-Navarro ◽  
Alexandra García-Joerger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Organizational Ambidexterity ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Balance Trade ◽  
Organizational Innovations

The ability of companies to develop simultaneously innovations that exploit their   current knowledge, while exploring new opportunities that go beyond their present knowledge is recognized as organizational ambidexterity and essential in the achievement of sustained performance above the average of the industry. The concept of ambidexterity, includes exploration and exploitation. Exploration requires search, discovery, experimentation, risk-taking and innovation, while exploitation consists of behavioral patterns characterized by refinement, implementation, efficiency, production and selection. Top managers are crucial to balance trade-offs among these competing objectives regarding exploration and exploitation and to reduce the organization’s tendency to focus only in one of them. Top managers act as a leaders in the process of exploiting existing competencies while also exploring new opportunities. In this study we are going to review the literature to extract the characteristics of ambidextrous leaders capable to cope with these tensions, in order to achieve organizational innovations.

China’s Data Security Law will create dilemmas

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Balance Trade ◽  
Turf Wars

Significance It tries to balance trade-offs between restricting access to data (to promote security and privacy) and allowing access to data (to promote trade in data and its commercial application). Impacts Data will be subject to greater government control, including classification and cataloguing. The law takes a stricter stance on cross-border flows, particularly vis-a-vis data requests by foreign law enforcement bodies. It will also perpetuate turf wars within the Chinese government.

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