Inhibition of pyruvate oxidation as a versatile stimulator of the hair cycle in models of alopecia

AbstractDistinctive colour patterns in dogs are an integral component of canine diversity. Colour pattern differences are thought to have arisen from mutation and artificial selection during and after domestication from wolves but important gaps remain in understanding how these patterns evolved and are genetically controlled. In other mammals, variation at the ASIP gene controls both the temporal and spatial distribution of yellow and black pigments. Here, we identify independent regulatory modules for ventral and hair cycle ASIP expression, and we characterize their action and evolutionary origin. Structural variants define multiple alleles for each regulatory module and are combined in different ways to explain five distinctive dog colour patterns. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the haplotype combination for one of these patterns is shared with Arctic white wolves and that its hair cycle-specific module probably originated from an extinct canid that diverged from grey wolves more than 2 million years ago. Natural selection for a lighter coat during the Pleistocene provided the genetic framework for widespread colour variation in dogs and wolves.

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Serine-rich ultra high sulfur protein gene expression in murine hair and skin during the hair cycle.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(17)45371-3 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 265 (34) ◽

pp. 21375-21380

Author(s):

L Wood ◽

M Mills ◽

N Hatzenbuhler ◽

G Vogeli

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Sulfur Protein

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The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in murine hair cycle transition: a potential anagen phase regulator

Archives of Dermatological Research ◽

10.1007/s00403-020-02169-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lijuan Zhou ◽

Liang Wen ◽

Youyu Sheng ◽

Jinghao Lu ◽

Ruiming Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Cycle ◽

Anagen Phase

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Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle

Histochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1007/s00418-020-01957-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Megan A. Palmer ◽

Eleanor Smart ◽

Iain S. Haslam

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Human Hair ◽

Vital Role ◽

Transport Proteins ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Regulatory Control ◽

Cholesterol Transport ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Human Hair Follicle

AbstractCholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.

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A Selectable Biomarker in Hair Follicle Cycles – Cathepsins: A Preliminary Study in Murine

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1159/000509943 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jingzhu Bai ◽

Zijian Gong ◽

Qingfang Xu ◽

Haiyan Chen ◽

Qiaoping Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Inner Root Sheath ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Paraffin Method

Background/Objective: Hair cycle is regulated by many biological factors. Cathepsins are involved in various physiological processes in human skin. Here, we investigated the cathepsin expression and distribution changes in follicular growth cycles for better understanding the hair cycles and to explore new intervention measures. Methods: The 24 mice (C57BL/6, female, 7-week old) were selected and removed the back hair via rosin/paraffin method. At Day 8, Day 20, and Day 25, biopsy on post-plucking area was done. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and Q-PCR were used to test the cathepsin B/D/L/E. Results: In anagen, cathepsins (B, D, L, and E) were distributed in the hair follicle matrix, inner hair root sheath, and hair. In catagen, cathepsins were mainly observed in un-apoptosis inner root sheath and outer root sheath. Expression of cathepsins B-mRNA and L-mRNA was decreased from anagen and catagen to telogen. Cathepsin D-mRNA was increased in catagen and then decreased in telogen. Cathepsin E-mRNA was decreased in catagen and slightly increased in telogen. Conclusions: The distribution and expression of cathepsins B, D, L, and E in hair follicle changed with hair growth process which indicated that cathepsins might act as selectable biomarkers of hair cycle in different stages.

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