Limited evidence for a positive relationship between hybridization and diversification across seed plant families

Evolution ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Mitchell ◽  
Kenneth D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Plant Families

scholarly journals Seed plant families with diverse mycorrhizal states have higher diversification rates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Mujica ◽  
Gustavo Burin ◽  
María Fernanda Pérez ◽  
Tiago Quental
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA crucial innovation in plant evolution was the association with soil fungi during land colonization. Today, this symbiotic interaction is present in most plants species and can be classified in four types: arbuscular (AM), Ecto (EM), Orchid (OM) and Ericoid Mycorrhiza (ER). Since the AM ancestral state, some plants lineages have switched partner (EM, OM and ER) or lost the association (no-association: NM). Evolutionary transitions to a novel mycorrhizal state (MS) might allow plant lineages to access new resources, enhancing diversification rates. However, some clades are not restricted to one MS, and this variability might promote diversification. In this study we address the relationship between MS and diversification rates of seed plant families. For this, we used the recently published FungalRoot database, which compiled data for 14,870 species and their mycorrhizal partners. We assigned a MS to each plant family, calculated the MS heterogeneity and estimated their diversification rates using the method-of-moments. Families with mixed MS had the highest diversification rates and there was a positive relationship between MS heterogeneity and diversification rates. These results support the hypothesis that MS lability promotes diversification and highlight the importance of the association with soil fungi for the diversification of plants.

scholarly journals Corporate Culture And Balanced Scorecard Use: Evidence From Iraqi Manufacturing Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5C) ◽  
pp. 987-995
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Strategic Management Accounting

The aim of this research is to articulate and test the relationships between corporate culture and the use of Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The framework of this research is centered on the contingency theory. Corporate culture involves four traits, which are adaptability, involvement, consistency, and mission, while BSC consists of four viewpoints such as financial, customer, internal business processes and learning and growth. The Smart PLS was used in analyzing the data collected from Iraqi manufacturing firms through a questionnaire. The results of a survey reveal that is a positive relationship exists between corporate culture and the usage of BSC. The outcomes add to the understanding in strategic management accounting as there is limited evidence on the link between corporate culture and BSC, particularly in Arab countries. This study shed a light on the importance of corporate culture and its effect on BSC

scholarly journals Counting counts: revised estimates of numbers of accepted species of flowering plants, seed plants, vascular plants and land plants with a review of other recent estimates

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
EIMEAR NIC LUGHADHA ◽  
RAFAËL GOVAERTS ◽  
IRINA BELYAEVA ◽  
NICHOLAS BLACK ◽  
HEATHER LINDON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
International Plant

We present revised estimates of the numbers of accepted species of flowering plants (369,434), seed plants (370,492), vascular plants (383,671) and land plants (403,911) based on a recently de-duplicated version of the International Plant Names Index and rates of synonymy calculated from the seed plant families published in the World checklist of selected plant families. Alternative approaches to estimating or calculating the number of accepted plant species are discussed and differences between results are highlighted and interpreted.

Silica Incorporation in the Cell Wall of the Singing Cell of Urtica dioica

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
A. E. Sowers ◽  
E. L. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Bulbous Tip

Plant stinging emergences exhibit functional similarities in that they all elicit a pain response upon contact. A stinging emergence consists of an elongated stinging cell and a multicellular pedestal (Fig. 1). A recent ultrastructural investigation of these structures has revealed the ontogeny and morphology of the stinging cells differs in representative genera in the four plant families which possess such structures. A unique feature of the stinging cell of Urtica dioica is the presence of a siliceous cell wall in the apical portion of the cell. This rigid region of the cell wall is responsible for producing the needle-like apparatus which penetrates the skin. The stinging cell differentiates the apical bulbous tip early in development and the cell continues growth by intercalary addition of non-silicified wall material until maturity.The uppermost region of the stinging cell wall is entirely composed of silica (Fig. 2, 3) and upon etching with a 3% solution of HF (5 seconds), the silica is partially removed revealing the wall consisting of individualized silica bodies (Fig. 4, 5).

Epistemic and relational conflicts in sharing identical vs. complementary information during cooperative learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Darnon ◽  
Céline Buchs ◽  
Fabrizio Butera
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Relational Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

When interacting on a learning task, which is typical of several academic situations, individuals may experience two different motives: Understanding the problem, or showing their competences. When a conflict (confrontation of divergent propositions) emerges from this interaction, it can be solved either in an epistemic way (focused on the task) or in a relational way (focused on the social comparison of competences). The latter is believed to be detrimental for learning. Moreover, research on cooperative learning shows that when they share identical information, partners are led to compare to each other, and are less encouraged to cooperate than when they share complementary information. An epistemic vs. relational conflict vs. no conflict was provoked in dyads composed by a participant and a confederate, working either on identical or on complementary information (N = 122). Results showed that, if relational and epistemic conflicts both entailed more perceived interactions and divergence than the control group, only relational conflict entailed more perceived comparison activities and a less positive relationship than the control group. Epistemic conflict resulted in a more positive perceived relationship than the control group. As far as performance is concerned, relational conflict led to a worse learning than epistemic conflict, and - after a delay - than the control group. An interaction between the two variables on delayed performance showed that epistemic and relational conflicts were different only when working with complementary information. This study shows the importance of the quality of relationship when sharing information during cooperative learning, a crucial factor to be taken into account when planning educational settings at the university.

Are Deficits in Social Cognition Linked to Autobiographical Memory in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease?

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes H. Scheidemann ◽  
Franz Petermann ◽  
Marc Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Battery ◽  
Fluency Task

Abstract. We investigated theory of mind (ToM) deficits in Alzheimer‘s disease (AD) and its possible connection to autobiographical memory (ABM). Patients and matched controls were evaluated and compared using a video-based ToM test, an autobiographical fluency task, and a neuropsychological test battery. We found that ToM deficits were positively associated with semantic ABM in the clinical group, whereas a positive relationship appeared between ToM and episodic ABM in controls. We hypothesize that this reflects the course of the disease as well as that semantic ABM is used for ToM processing, being still accessible in AD. Furthermore, we assume that it is also less efficient, which in turn leads to a specific deficit profile of social cognition.

Expressed Emotion in the Client-Professional Dyad

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Van Humbeeck ◽  
Ch. Van Audenhove ◽  
G. Storms ◽  
M. De Hert ◽  
G. Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Summary: Background: This article reports on a study of the concurrent validity between the standard expressed emotion instrument, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), and two alternative EE measures, the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). Methods: The research sample consisted of 56 schizophrenic clients, who were residing in sheltered residences, and 56 professionals. Results: Based on the results of the correlation matrix between all the subscales of the instruments, a significantly positive relationship was found between the criticism scale of the CFI, the total score of the LEE, and the client version of the PCS. These correlations, however, were rather weak, which implies that the three instruments have little in common with each other. The professionals' version of the PCS does not appear to be an EE instrument. Conclusions: The results suggest that the CFI still remains the best instrument for assessing EE in a therapeutic relationship (between a professional and a client). If there is insufficient time to administer the CFI, then the client version of the PCS and the LEE can be used with the qualification that the PCS and LEE also measure other aspects and thus cannot completely replace the CFI. Nevertheless, the research indicates that asking the clients would seem to provide a better indication of the level of the professionals' criticism rather than asking the professionals themselves directly.

Responsiveness to personal positive events in married couples predicts positive relationship outcomes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Setrakian ◽  
Gian Gonzaga ◽  
Lynette Lau ◽  
Gazi Begum ◽  
Thomas Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Relationship Outcomes
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