scholarly journals Multiple routes to interspecific territoriality in sister species of North American perching birds

Evolution ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2134-2148
Author(s):  
Madeline C. Cowen ◽  
Jonathan P. Drury ◽  
Gregory F. Grether
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Interspecific Territoriality ◽  
Multiple Routes

scholarly journals Multiple routes to interspecific territoriality in sister species of North American perching birds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline C. Cowen ◽  
Jonathan P. Drury ◽  
Gregory F. Grether
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Interspecific Territoriality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Range Overlap

ABSTRACTBehavioral interference between species can influence a wide range of ecological and evolutionary processes. Here we test foundational hypotheses regarding the origins and maintenance of interspecific territoriality, and evaluate the role of interspecific territoriality and hybridization in shaping species distributions and transitions from parapatry to sympatry in sister species of North American perching birds (Passeriformes). We found that interspecific territoriality is pervasive among sympatric sister species pairs, and that interspecifically territorial species pairs have diverged more recently than sympatric non-interspecifically territorial pairs. None of the foundational hypotheses alone explain the observed patterns of interspecific territoriality, but our results support the idea that some cases of interspecific territoriality arise from misdirected intraspecific aggression while others are evolved responses to resource competition. The combination of interspecific territoriality and hybridization appears to be an unstable state associated with parapatry, while species that are interspecifically territorial and do not hybridize are able to achieve extensive fine- and coarse-scale breeding range overlap. In sum, these results suggest that interspecific territoriality has multiple origins and that interspecific territoriality and hybridization together can have striking impacts on species ranges.

scholarly journals Contrasting genetic structures in sister species of North American scrub-jays

1999 ◽  
Vol 266 (1424) ◽  
pp. 1117-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. McDonald ◽  
Wayne K Potts ◽  
John W Fitzpatrick ◽  
Glen E Woolfenden
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Genetic Structures

A new North American species of Simulium (Hellichiella) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2867-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Adler ◽  
D. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Western North America ◽  
A New Species

All life stages and the polytene chromosomes of Simulium (Hellichiella)curriei, a new species from western North America, are described and illustrated. This species is the only Nearctic member of the subgenus with an eight-filamented pupal gill. It is the sister-species of S. rivuli.

THE ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIPS OF SPELOBIA TENEBRARUM (ALDRICH), A TROGLOBITIC, EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN, SPHAEROCERID FLY

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Marshall ◽  
Stewart B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Sister Species

AbstractSpelobia tenebrarum is a troglobitic sphaerocerid restricted to a large number of isolated eastern North American caves. The Quaternary origin of this species from its sister species, S. semioculata, is discussed.

scholarly journals Bembidiina of Afrotropical Region: 3. Bembidion subgenus Peryphus Dejean, 1821 and related subgenera (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-170
Author(s):  
Luca Toledano ◽  
Paolo Bonavita ◽  
Joachim Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Afrotropical Region

The six known Afrotropical species attributed to Bembidion subgenus Peryphus Dejean, 1821 in the previous literature (B. scottustulatum Netolitzky, 1937, B. muscicola Basilewsky, 1953, B. melanocerum Chaudoir, 1876, B. jeanneli Alluaud, 1939, B. sjoestedti Alluaud, 1926 and B. africanum Chaudoir, 1876) are here revised. For one of them, B. muscicola Basilewsky, 1953, secondary homonym of the North American B. (Semicampa) muscicola Hayward, 1897, a synonymy with B. basistriatum Fairmaire, 1893, is proposed. Bembidion basistriatum, B. melanocerum and B. africanum are transferred to the subgenus Ocydromus Clairville, 1806. In addition, B. fontinale Raffray, 1885 currently assigned to the genus Sinechostictus Motschulsky, 1864, is placed into the Bembidion subgenus Ocydromus Clairville, 1806. For B. jeanneli the lectotype and two paralectotypes are designated. Four new species from Ethiopia are also described: Bembidion (Ocydromus) augustovignai n.sp., B. (Ocydromus) melanoceroides n.sp., sister species of B. melanocerum, and two species closely related to B. scottustulatum: B. (Peryphus) damota n.sp. and B. (Peryphus) baleense n.sp.

The distribution and habitat preferences of the Chaoboridae (Culicomorpha: Diptera) of the Holarctic Region

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Art Borkent
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Ecological Divergence ◽  
Boreal Species ◽  
Ecological Barriers ◽  
Holarctic Region

Distribution and habitat preferences of species of Chaoboridae in the Holarctic Region are described. Coexistence of larvae of different Chaoborus species in various water bodies reflects differences in geographical distribution, habitat preference, and phyletic relationships. Extant sister species with similar habitat preferences are allopatric whereas those with differences may be sympatric. This suggests that the development of ecological divergence must historically precede coexistence of the immatures of species. Species which coexist often differ markedly morphologically and are not immediately related phylogenetically.Corethrella and Chaoborus (Sayomyia) species that occur in the Holarctic Region and Chaoborus pallidus may have southern, tropical phyletic affinities. Distributions of some North American chaoborids suggest the presence of ecological barriers in northwestern U.S.A. that prevent southern extensions of the ranges of boreal species.

Adaptation of the Connected Speech Test: Rerecording and Passage Equivalency

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan K. Saleh ◽  
Paula Folkeard ◽  
Ewan Macpherson ◽  
Susan Scollie
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
North American ◽  
First Language ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Speech Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Unit Standard

Purpose The original Connected Speech Test (CST; Cox et al., 1987) is a well-regarded and often utilized speech perception test. The aim of this study was to develop a new version of the CST using a neutral North American accent and to assess the use of this updated CST on participants with normal hearing. Method A female English speaker was recruited to read the original CST passages, which were recorded as the new CST stimuli. A study was designed to assess the newly recorded CST passages' equivalence and conduct normalization. The study included 19 Western University students (11 females and eight males) with normal hearing and with English as a first language. Results Raw scores for the 48 tested passages were converted to rationalized arcsine units, and average passage scores more than 1 rationalized arcsine unit standard deviation from the mean were excluded. The internal reliability of the 32 remaining passages was assessed, and the two-way random effects intraclass correlation was .944. Conclusion The aim of our study was to create new CST stimuli with a more general North American accent in order to minimize accent effects on the speech perception scores. The study resulted in 32 passages of equivalent difficulty for listeners with normal hearing.

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