scholarly journals The dynamics of preferential host switching: Host phylogeny as a key predictor of parasite distribution*

Evolution ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1330-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Engelstädter ◽  
Nicole Z. Fortuna
Keyword(s):  
Host Switching ◽  
Parasite Distribution ◽  
Host Phylogeny

Parasite evolutionary events inferred from host phylogeny: the case of Labeo species (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) and their dactylogyrid parasites (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Guégan ◽  
Jean-François Agnèse
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
West African ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Ecological Relationship ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Gill Parasites ◽  
Host Parasite

Independent phylogenies of West African Labeo (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) and their gill parasites of the genus Dactylogyrus (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) are proposed. The phylogeny of Labeo is based on allele characters, whereas the phylogeny of the parasites is based on morphometric features. The comparison of host and parasite phylogenies did not correlate completely with predictions made by using Fahrenholz's rule. Parasites encountered on L. coubie and L. senegalensis seem to have evolved in parallel with their host, or by sequential colonizations between these two related hosts. Whatever the host–parasite evolutionary events between L. coubie and L. senegalensis and their specific dactylogyrids, two hypotheses of host switching on L. parvus and L. roseopunctatus are probable, reflecting a close ecological relationship between the various host taxa. Dactylogyrus brevicirrus and D. nathaliae, found on the gills of L. parvus and L. roseopunctatus, respectively, are each the sister-species of a living parasite on L. coubie. The notions of parallel evolution (or coevolution in a broader sense) and host switching with speciation are discussed. Finally, Fahrenholz's rule is analyzed as a forecasting tool that can be used in systematics.

Phylogeny of hymenolepidids (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from mammals: sequences of 18S rRNA and COI genes confirm major clades revealed by the 28S rRNA analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Neov ◽  
G.P. Vasileva ◽  
G. Radoslavov ◽  
P. Hristov ◽  
D.T.J. Littlewood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

Abstract The aim of the study is to test a hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among mammalian hymenolepidid tapeworms, based on partial (D1–D3) nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, by estimating new molecular phylogenies for the group based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear 18S rRNA genes, as well as a combined analysis using all three genes. New sequences of COI and 18S rRNA genes were obtained for Coronacanthus integrus, C. magnihamatus, C. omissus, C. vassilevi, Ditestolepis diaphana, Lineolepis scutigera, Spasskylepis ovaluteri, Staphylocystis tiara, S. furcata, S. uncinata, Vaucherilepis trichophorus and Neoskrjabinolepis sp. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the major clades identified by Haukisalmi et al. (Zoologica Scripta 39: 631–641, 2010): Ditestolepis clade, Hymenolepis clade, Rodentolepis clade and Arostrilepis clade. While the Ditestolepis clade is associated with soricids, the structure of the other three clades suggests multiple evolutionary events of host switching between shrews and rodents. Two of the present analyses (18S rRNA and COI genes) show that the basal relationships of the four mammalian clades are branching at the same polytomy with several hymenolepidids from birds (both terrestrial and aquatic). This may indicate a rapid radiation of the group, with multiple events of colonizations of mammalian hosts by avian parasites.

Phylogenetic evidence for host switching in the evolution of hantaviruses carried by Apodemus mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Nemirov ◽  
Heikki Henttonen ◽  
Antti Vaheri ◽  
Alexander Plyusnin
Keyword(s):  
Host Switching ◽  
Apodemus Mice

scholarly journals The distribution ofWolbachiain fig wasps: correlations with host phylogeny, ecology and population structure

2002 ◽  
Vol 269 (1506) ◽  
pp. 2257-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DeWayne Shoemaker ◽  
Carlos A. Machado ◽  
Drude Molbo ◽  
John H. Werren ◽  
Donald M. Windsor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Host Phylogeny

Recognition of larvae of the Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda): implications for the origin of tapeworms in marine homeotherms

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Hoberg
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Marine Communities ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Life History Patterns ◽  
Ecological Associations

The Tetrabothriidae represent the dominant group of cestodes, previously known only as adult parasites, in marine birds and mammals. Recognition of their unique plerocercoid larvae provides the first definitive evidence for life history patterns and phylogenetic relationships with other cestodes. Affinities of the Tetrabothriidae and Tetraphyllidea, cestodes of elasmobranchs, are indicated by larval morphology and ontogeny. However, patterns of sequential heterochrony in the ontogeny of the adult scolex of Tetrabothrius sp. appear to be unique among the Eucestoda. Tetrabothriids constitute a fauna that originated by host switching from elasmobranchs to homeotherms, via ecological associations, following invasion of marine communities by birds and mammals in the Tertiary.

scholarly journals The comparative ecology and biogeography of parasites

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1576) ◽  
pp. 2379-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Poulin ◽  
Boris R. Krasnov ◽  
David Mouillot ◽  
David W. Thieltges
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Comparative Ecology ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Special Case

Comparative ecology uses interspecific relationships among traits, while accounting for the phylogenetic non-independence of species, to uncover general evolutionary processes. Applied to biogeographic questions, it can be a powerful tool to explain the spatial distribution of organisms. Here, we review how comparative methods can elucidate biogeographic patterns and processes, using analyses of distributional data on parasites (fleas and helminths) as case studies. Methods exist to detect phylogenetic signals, i.e. the degree of phylogenetic dependence of a given character, and either to control for these signals in statistical analyses of interspecific data, or to measure their contribution to variance. Parasite–host interactions present a special case, as a given trait may be a parasite trait, a host trait or a property of the coevolved association rather than of one participant only. For some analyses, it is therefore necessary to correct simultaneously for both parasite phylogeny and host phylogeny, or to evaluate which has the greatest influence on trait expression. Using comparative approaches, we show that two fundamental properties of parasites, their niche breadth, i.e. host specificity, and the nature of their life cycle, can explain interspecific and latitudinal variation in the sizes of their geographical ranges, or rates of distance decay in the similarity of parasite communities. These findings illustrate the ways in which phylogenetically based comparative methods can contribute to biogeographic research.

scholarly journals The first steps toward a global pandemic: Reconstructing the demographic history of parasite host switches in its native range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeva Techer ◽  
John Roberts ◽  
Reed Cartwright ◽  
Alexander Mikheyev
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
New Host ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Host

Abstract Host switching allows parasites to expand their niches. However, successful switching may require suites of adaptations and may decrease performance on the old host. As a result, reductions in gene flow accompany many host switches, driving speciation. Because host switches tend to be rapid, it is difficult to study them in real time and their demographic parameters remain poorly understood. As a result, fundamental factors that control subsequent parasite evolution, such as the size of the switching population or the extent of immigration from the original host, remain largely unknown. To shed light on the host switching process, we explored how host switches occur in independent host shifts by two ectoparasitic honey bee mites (Varroa destructor and V. jacobsoni). Both switched to the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) after it was brought into contact with their ancestral host (Apis cerana), ~70 and ~12 years ago, respectively. Varroa destructor subsequently caused worldwide collapses of honey bee populations. Using whole-genome sequencing on 63 mites collected in their native ranges from both the ancestral and novel hosts, we were able to reconstruct the known temporal dynamics of the switch. We further found multiple previously undiscovered mitochondrial lineages on the novel host, along with genetic equivalent of tens of individuals that were involved in the initial host switch. Despite being greatly reduced, some gene flow remains between mites adapted to different hosts. Our findings suggest that while reproductive isolation may facilitate fixation of traits beneficial for exploitation of the new host, ongoing genetic exchange may allow genetic amelioration of inbreeding effects.

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