scholarly journals Testing the effect of early‐life reproductive effort on age‐related decline in a wild insect

Evolution ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolando Rodríguez‐Muñoz ◽  
Jelle J. Boonekamp ◽  
Xing P. Liu ◽  
Ian Skicko ◽  
David N. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals School Performance and Educational Attainment as Early-Life Predictors of Age-Related Memory Decline: Protective Influences in Later-Born Cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pudas ◽  
Michael Rönnlund
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Memory Change ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives Evidence is accumulating that early-life characteristics and experiences contribute significantly to differences in cognitive aging. This study investigated whether school performance at age 12 predicted late-life level and rate of memory change over 15–25 years, and whether its potential protective influence on memory change was mediated by educational attainment or income. Methods Latent growth curve models were fitted to 15–25 year longitudinal memory data from a population-based sample, stratified on age cohorts (n = 227, born 1909–1935; n = 301, born 1938–1954). Results A latent-level school grade variable significantly predicted both memory level and slope in later-born cohorts. Higher grades were associated with higher level and reduced decline, measured between ages 45 and 70 years, on average. In the earlier-born cohorts, grades predicted memory level, but not slope, measured between ages 66 and 81 years. Follow-up analyses indicated that the protective influence of higher school grades in later-born cohorts was partially mediated by educational attainment, but independent of income. Discussion The results suggest that higher childhood school performance is protective against age-related cognitive decline in younger or later-born cohorts, for which further education has been more accessible. Education may exert such influence through increased cognitive reserve or more well-informed health- and lifestyle decisions.

scholarly journals Lifelong Cytomegalovirus and Early-Life Irradiation Synergistically Potentiate Age-Related Defects in Response to Vaccination and Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Pugh ◽  
Christopher P. Coplen ◽  
Alona S. Sukhina ◽  
Jennifer L. Uhrlaub ◽  
Jose Padilla-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTA popular “DNA-damage theory” of aging posits that unrepaired DNA damage leads to cellular (and organismal) senescence. Indeed, some hallmarks of immune aging are more prevalent in individuals exposed to Whole-Body Irradiation (WBI). To test this hypothesis in a model relevant to human immune aging, we examined separate and joint effects of lifelong latent Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and early-life WBI (i) over the course of the lifespan; (ii) in response to a West Nile virus (WNV) live attenuated vaccine; and (iii) following lethal WNV challenge subsequent to vaccination. We recently published that a single dose of non-lethal WBI in youth, on its own, was not sufficient to accelerate aging of the murine immune system despite causing widespread DNA damage and repopulation stress in hematopoietic cells. However, 4Gy sub-lethal WBI caused manifest reactivation of MCMV. Following vaccination and challenge with WNV in the old age, MCMV-infected animals experiencing 4Gy, but not lower, dose of sub-lethal WBI in youth had reduced survival. By contrast, old irradiated mice lacking MCMV and MCMV-infected, but not irradiated, mice were both protected to the same high level as the old non-irradiated, uninfected controls. Analysis of the quality and quantity of anti-WNV immunity showed that higher mortality in MCMV-positive WBI mice correlated with increased levels of MCMV-specific immune activation during WNV challenge. Moreover, we demonstrate that infection, including that by WNV, led to MCMV reactivation. Our data suggest that MCMV reactivation may be an important determinant of increased late-life mortality following early-life irradiation and late-life acute infection.

Ten. Sex- and age-related variation in reproductive effort of northern elephant seals

1994 ◽  
pp. 169-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Deutsch ◽  
Daniel E. Crocker ◽  
Daniel P. Costa ◽  
Burney J. Le Boeuf
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Northern Elephant Seals

scholarly journals Blocking CRH receptors in adults mitigates age-related memory impairments provoked by early-life adversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel K. Short ◽  
Pamela M. Maras ◽  
Aidan L. Pham ◽  
Autumn S. Ivy ◽  
Tallie Z. Baram
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Crh Receptors

Age-related changes in reproductive effort of male bison

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine R. Maher ◽  
John A. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals The influence of weather conditions during gestation on life histories in a wild Arctic ungulate

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1841) ◽  
pp. 20161760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Douhard ◽  
Leif Egil Loe ◽  
Audun Stien ◽  
Christophe Bonenfant ◽  
R. Justin Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Age Related

The internal predictive adaptive response (internal PAR) hypothesis predicts that individuals born in poor conditions should start to reproduce earlier if they are likely to have reduced performance in later life. However, whether this is the case remains unexplored in wild populations. Here, we use longitudinal data from a long-term study of Svalbard reindeer to examine age-related changes in adult female life-history responses to environmental conditions experienced in utero as indexed by rain-on-snow (ROS utero ). We show that females experiencing high ROS utero had reduced reproductive success only from 7 years of age, independent of early reproduction. These individuals were able to maintain the same annual reproductive success between 2 and 6 years as phenotypically superior conspecifics that experienced low ROS utero . Young females born after high ROS utero engage in reproductive events at lower body mass (about 2.5 kg less) than those born after low ROS utero . The mean fitness of females that experienced poor environmental conditions in early life was comparable with that of females exposed to good environmental conditions in early life. These results are consistent with the idea of internal PAR and suggest that the life-history responses to early-life conditions can buffer the delayed effects of weather on population dynamics.

scholarly journals Accelerated age-related decline in renal and vascular function in female rats following early-life growth restriction

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (9) ◽  
pp. R1153-R1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jane Black ◽  
Kyungjoon Lim ◽  
Monika A. Zimanyi ◽  
Amanda K. Sampson ◽  
Kristen J. Bubb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

Many studies report sexual dimorphism in the fetal programming of adult disease. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the age-related decline in renal function between male and female intrauterine growth-restricted rats. Early-life growth restriction was induced in rat offspring by administering a low-protein diet (LPD; 8.7% casein) to dams during pregnancy and lactation. Control dams were fed a normal-protein diet (NPD; 20% casein). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal structure and function were assessed in 32- and 100-wk-old offspring. Mesenteric artery function was examined at 100 wk using myography. At 3 days of age, body weight was ∼24% lower ( P < 0.0001) in LPD offspring; this difference was still apparent at 32 wk but not at 100 wk of age. MAP was not different between the male NPD and LPD groups at either age. However, MAP was greater in LPD females compared with NPD females at 100 wk of age (∼10 mmHg; P < 0.001). Glomerular filtration rate declined with age in the NPD male, LPD male and LPD female offspring (∼45%, all P < 0.05), but not in NPD female offspring. Mesenteric arteries in the aged LPD females had reduced sensitivity to nitric oxide donors compared with their NPD counterparts, suggesting that vascular dysfunction may contribute to the increased risk of disease in aged females. In conclusion, females growth-restricted in early life were no longer protected from an age-related decline in renal and arterial function, and this was associated with increased arterial pressure without evidence of renal structural damage.

scholarly journals Patterns of age-related change in reproductive effort differ in the pre-natal and post-natal periods in a long-lived mammal

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1540-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Paterson ◽  
Jay J. Rotella ◽  
Jennifer M. Mannas ◽  
Robert A. Garrott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Age Related
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