scholarly journals Emergent buffering balances evolvability and robustness in the evolution of phenotypic flexibility

Evolution ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Badyaev ◽  
Erin S. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Flexibility

scholarly journals Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time‐course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 10280-10290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge P. G. Bussel ◽  
Parastoo Fazelzadeh ◽  
Gary S. Frost ◽  
Milena Rundle ◽  
Lydia A. Afman
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Challenge Tests

scholarly journals Phenotypic flexibility in respiratory traits is associated with improved aerial respiration in an amphibious fish out of water

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. jeb186486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa S. Blanchard ◽  
Andrew Whitehead ◽  
Yunwei W. Dong ◽  
Patricia A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Aerial Respiration

scholarly journals A Study of the Coevolution of Digital Organisms with an Evolutionary Cellular Automaton

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Javier Falgueras-Cano ◽  
Juan-Antonio Falgueras-Cano ◽  
Andrés Moya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Fragmented Habitats ◽  
Digital Organisms ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
Good Resource

This paper presents an Evolutionary Cellular Automaton (ECA) that simulates the evolutionary dynamics of biological interactions by manipulating strategies of dispersion and associations between digital organisms. The parameterization of the different types of interaction and distribution strategies using configuration files generates easily interpretable results. In that respect, ECA is an effective instrument for measuring the effects of relative adaptive advantages and a good resource for studying natural selection. Although ECA works effectively in obtaining the expected results from most well-known biological interactions, some unexpected effects were observed. For example, organisms uniformly distributed in fragmented habitats do not favor eusociality, and mutualism evolved from parasitism simply by varying phenotypic flexibility. Finally, we have verified that natural selection represents a cost for the emergence of sex by destabilizing the stable evolutionary strategy of the 1:1 sex ratio after generating randomly different distributions in each generation.

Phenotypic flexibility as marker of sodium chloride tolerance in sunflower genotypes

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
Iffat Masood ◽  
Intshar-ul-Haq Javed ◽  
Ejaz Rasul
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility

scholarly journals Maternal photoperiod programs hypothalamic thyroid status via the fetal pituitary gland

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (31) ◽  
pp. 8408-8413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Sáenz de Miera ◽  
Béatrice Bothorel ◽  
Catherine Jaeger ◽  
Valérie Simonneaux ◽  
David Hazlerigg
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Melatonin Production

In wild mammals, offspring development must anticipate forthcoming metabolic demands and opportunities. Within species, different developmental strategies may be used, dependent on when in the year conception takes place. This phenotypic flexibility is initiated before birth and is linked to the pattern of day length (photoperiod) exposure experienced by the mother during pregnancy. This programming depends on transplacental communication via the pineal hormone melatonin. Here, we show that, in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), the programming effect of melatonin is mediated by the pars tuberalis (PT) of the fetal pituitary gland, before the fetal circadian system and autonomous melatonin production is established. Maternal melatonin acts on the fetal PT to control expression of thyroid hormone deiodinases in ependymal cells (tanycytes) of the fetal hypothalamus, and hence neuroendocrine output. This mechanism sets the trajectory of reproductive and metabolic development in pups and has a persistent effect on their subsequent sensitivity to the photoperiod. This programming effect depends on tanycyte sensitivity to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is dramatically and persistently increased by short photoperiod exposure in utero. Our results define the role of the fetal PT in developmental programming of brain function by maternal melatonin and establish TSH signal transduction as a key substrate for the encoding of internal calendar time from birth to puberty.

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