scholarly journals Evolution of mutualism from parasitism in experimental virus populations

Evolution ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Shapiro ◽  
Paul E. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Virus

scholarly journals Monocytes, B-cells and dendritic cells during rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
R. M. Khaitov ◽  
A. A. Nikonova ◽  
M. R. Khaitov
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Experimental Virus ◽  
Asthma Group

Aim. In this study we aimed to investigate circulating blood cells during experimental virus-induced asthma exacerbation vs baseline.Materials and methods. Rhinovirus 16 (RV16) experimental infections were induced in RV16-seronegative moderate and mild atopic asthmatic and healthy non-atopic subjects. PBMC from 8 mild, 12 moderate asthmatics and 6 normal subjects obtained at baseline (14 day) and at day 4 after infection with RV16 were analyzed by flow cytometry. B-cells were identified as CD19+. Monocytes were identified as MHC II, CD14high cells. The MHC II, CD14neg-low cells were further classified by CD123 and CD11c expression into myeloid DC (CD11chigh, mDC), plasmacytoid DC (CD123+, pDC).Results. There were no differences at baseline in frequencies of blood monocytes, mDC and pDC in asthmatic compared to normal subjects, but we found increased amount of B-cells in asthma group (p < 0.05). At day 4 after RV16 infection we found decreased percentages of pDC in both moderate and mild asthmatics (p < 0.05) compared to baseline.Conclusion. These data suggest an increased migratory potential of circulating pDCs during virus-induced asthma exacerbation. In patients with asthma pDCs could be recruited to the airways. It is possible that the distinct subsets of DCs may be recruited at different time points to the effector sites of allergic inflammation.

Experimental virus pneumonia in lambs

1967 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hore ◽  
R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Virus Pneumonia ◽  
Experimental Virus

Acetate Metabolism in Experimental Virus-Induced Disease

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin V. Siegel ◽  
Ann M. Hughes ◽  
Bert M. Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Experimental Virus

The influence of experimental poliomyelitis on the oxidative metabolism of acetate by mice was studied employing an apparatus designed to measure respiratory radioactivity excretion. The mice were given sodium acetate-2-C14 and the excretion of breath C14O2 measured over a 7-hour period. Animals infected with poliomyelitis virus oxidized acetate at a one-third lower peak rate initially following administration of substrate. After 7 hours, about 5% more total C14O2 was excreted by mice manifesting paralytic symptoms of central nervous system involvement than by normal mice. This lack of any large effect is of particular interest considering the changes in physiological conditions associated with paralytic poliomyelitis.

Landscapes

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-90
Author(s):  
Ricard Solé ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particle ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Sequence Space ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Sewall Wright ◽  
Symmetric Competition ◽  
Experimental Virus

This chapter begins by discussing fitness landscape, an idea first introduced by evolutionary geneticist Sewall Wright and later extended by several other authors. The fitness landscape is defined in terms of some particular traits that are implicit in the virus particle phenotype and are usually described in terms of replication rate or infectivity. The landscape appears in most textbook plots as a multi-peaked surface. Local maxima represent optimal fitness values, which can be reached through mutation from a subset of lower-fitness neighbors. Given an initial condition defined by a quasi-species distribution localized somewhere in the sequence space, the population will evolve by exploring nearest positions through mutation. The remainder of the chapter deals with symmetric competition, epistasis in RNA viruses, experimental virus landscapes, the survival of the flattest effect, and virus robustness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document