scholarly journals Intraspecific adaptive radiation: Competition, ecological opportunity, and phenotypic diversification within species

Evolution ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2496-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Levis ◽  
Ryan A. Martin ◽  
Kerry A. O'Donnell ◽  
David W. Pfennig
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Ecological Opportunity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversification

scholarly journals Transcontinental dispersal, ecological opportunity and origins of an adaptive radiation in the Neotropical catfish genusHypostomus(Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S. C. Silva ◽  
Fábio F. Roxo ◽  
Nathan K. Lujan ◽  
Victor A. Tagliacollo ◽  
Claudio H. Zawadzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Ecological Opportunity

Ecological opportunity and sexual selection together predict adaptive radiation

Nature ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 487 (7407) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Wagner ◽  
Luke J. Harmon ◽  
Ole Seehausen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Ecological Opportunity

scholarly journals Iterative adaptive radiations of fossil canids show no evidence for diversity-dependent trait evolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (16) ◽  
pp. 4897-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Ecological Opportunity ◽  
Radiation Theory ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Adaptive Radiations ◽  
Adaptive Peak ◽  
Adaptive Zone

A long-standing hypothesis in adaptive radiation theory is that ecological opportunity constrains rates of phenotypic evolution, generating a burst of morphological disparity early in clade history. Empirical support for the early burst model is rare in comparative data, however. One possible reason for this lack of support is that most phylogenetic tests have focused on extant clades, neglecting information from fossil taxa. Here, I test for the expected signature of adaptive radiation using the outstanding 40-My fossil record of North American canids. Models implying time- and diversity-dependent rates of morphological evolution are strongly rejected for two ecologically important traits, body size and grinding area of the molar teeth. Instead, Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes implying repeated, and sometimes rapid, attraction to distinct dietary adaptive peaks receive substantial support. Diversity-dependent rates of morphological evolution seem uncommon in clades, such as canids, that exhibit a pattern of replicated adaptive radiation. Instead, these clades might best be thought of as deterministic radiations in constrained Simpsonian subzones of a major adaptive zone. Support for adaptive peak models may be diagnostic of subzonal radiations. It remains to be seen whether early burst or ecological opportunity models can explain broader adaptive radiations, such as the evolution of higher taxa.

scholarly journals Ecological Opportunity in Adaptive Radiation of Galápagos Endemic Land Snails

2009 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Parent ◽  
Bernard J. Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Ecological Opportunity

scholarly journals Evolution of the locomotor skeleton in Anolis lizards reflects the interplay between ecological opportunity and phylogenetic inertia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Feiner ◽  
Illiam S. C. Jackson ◽  
Edward L. Stanley ◽  
Tobias Uller
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Ecological Opportunity ◽  
Morphological Diversification ◽  
Phylogenetic Inertia ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Variable Evolutionary Rates

AbstractAnolis lizards originated in continental America but have colonized the Greater Antillean islands and recolonized the mainland, resulting in three major groups (Primary and Secondary Mainland and Greater Antillean). The adaptive radiation in the Greater Antilles has famously resulted in the repeated evolution of ecomorphs. Yet, it remains poorly understood to what extent this island radiation differs from diversification on the mainland. Here, we demonstrate that the evolutionary modularity between girdles and limbs is fundamentally different in the Greater Antillean and Primary Mainland Anolis. This is consistent with ecological opportunities on islands driving the adaptive radiation along distinct evolutionary trajectories. However, Greater Antillean Anolis share evolutionary modularity with the group that recolonized the mainland, demonstrating a persistent phylogenetic inertia. A comparison of these two groups support an increased morphological diversity and faster and more variable evolutionary rates on islands. These macroevolutionary trends of the locomotor skeleton in Anolis illustrate that ecological opportunities on islands can have lasting effects on morphological diversification.

scholarly journals Natural selection in the origin: how does selection act on snails’ shell colour in the source of a diversified population?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Ito ◽  
Takahiro Hirano ◽  
Satoshi Chiba ◽  
Junji Konuma
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Apodemus Speciosus ◽  
Divergent Natural Selection ◽  
Trail Camera ◽  
Phenotypic Diversification

The mechanisms of adaptive radiation with phenotypic diversification and further adaptive speciation have been becoming clearer through a number of studies. Natural selection is one of the primary factors that contribute to these mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that divergent natural selection acts on a certain trait in adaptive radiation. However, it is not often known how natural selection acts on the source of a diversified population, although it has been detected in phylogenetic studies. Our study demonstrates how selection acts on a trait in a source population of diversified population using the Japanese land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae. This snail’s shell colour has diversified due to disruptive selection after migration from the mainland to islands. We used trail-camera traps to identify the cause of natural selection on both the mainland and an island. We then conducted a mark-recapture experiment on the mainland to detect natural selection and compare the shape and strength of it to previous study in an island. In total, we captured and marked around 1,700 snails, and some of them were preyed on by an unknown predator. The trail-camera traps showed that the predator is the large Japanese field mouse Apodemus speciosus, but this predation did not correlate with shell colour. A Bayesian approach showed that the stabilising selection from factors other than predation acted on shell colour. Our results suggest that natural selection was changed by migration, which could explain the ultimate cause of phenotypic diversification in adaptive radiation that was not due to predation.

scholarly journals Adaptive radiation and burst speciation of hillstream cyprinid fish Garra in African river

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Levin ◽  
Evgeniy Simonov ◽  
Paolo Franchini ◽  
Nikolai Mugue ◽  
Alexander Golubtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Ecological Opportunity ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Data

Adaptive radiation of fishes was long thought to be possible only in lacustrine environments. Recently, several studies have shown that also riverine and stream environments provide the ecological opportunity for adaptive radiation. In this study, we report on a riverine adaptive radiation of six ecomorphs of cyprinid hillstream fishes of the genus Garra in a river located in the Ethiopian Highlands in East Africa. Garra are predominantly highly specialized algae-scrapers with a wide distribution ranging from Southeastern Asia to Western Africa. However, adaptive phenotypic diversification in mouth type, sucking disc morphology, gut length and body shape have been found among these new species in a single Ethiopian river. Moreover, we found two novel phenotypes of Garra (‘thick-lipped’ and ‘predatory’) that were not described before in this species-rich genus (>160 species). Mitochondrial and genome-wide data suggest monophyletic, intra-basin evolution of Garra phenotypic diversity with signatures of gene flow from other local populations. Although sympatric ecomorphs are genetically distinct and can be considered to being young species as suggested by genome-wide SNP data, mtDNA was unable to identify any genetic structure suggesting a recent and rapid speciation event. Furthermore, we found evidence for a hybrid origin of the novel ‘thick-lipped’ phenotype, as being the result of the hybridization of two other sympatrically occurring species. Here we highlight how, driven by ecological opportunity, an ancestral trophically highly specialized lineage is likely to have rapidly adaptively radiated in a riverine environment, and that this radiation was promoted by the evolution of novel feeding strategies.

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