Adaptation in a variable environment: Phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging during egg diapause and hatching in an annual killifish

Evolution ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1461-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew I. Furness ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
David N. Reznick
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Annual Killifish ◽  
Egg Diapause

Phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging in a heterocarpic winter annual/spring ephemeral cold desert species of Brassicaceae

Oikos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Lu ◽  
Dun Y. Tan ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Desert Species ◽  
Winter Annual

scholarly journals Diapause is not selected as a bet-hedging strategy in insects: a meta-analysis of reaction norm shapes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Joschinski ◽  
Dries Bonte
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Hedging Strategy ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Environmental Predictability ◽  
Hedging Strategies

AbstractMany organisms escape from lethal climatological conditions by entering a resistant resting stage called diapause, which needs to be optimally timed with seasonal change. As climate change exerts selection pressure on phenology, the evolution of mean diapause timing, but also of phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging strategies is expected. Especially the latter as a strategy to cope with unpredictability is little considered in the context of climate change.Contemporary patterns of phenological strategies across a geographic range may provide information about their evolvability. We thus extracted 458 diapause reaction norms from 60 studies. First, we correlated mean diapause timing with mean winter onset. Then we partitioned the reaction norm variance into a temporal component (phenotypic plasticity) and among-offspring variance (diversified bet-hedging) and correlated this variance composition with predictability of winter onset. Mean diapause timing correlated reasonably well with mean winter onset, except for populations at high latitudes, which apparently failed to track early onsets. Variance among offspring was, however, limited and correlated only weakly with environmental predictability, indicating little scope for bet-hedging. The apparent lack of phenological bet-hedging strategies may pose a risk in a less predictable climate, but we also highlight the need for more data on alternative strategies.

scholarly journals The Effects of Temporal Variation on Fitness, Functional Traits, and Species Distribution Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C Emery ◽  
Raffica J La Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Vernal Pools ◽  
Bet Hedging ◽  
Selection For

AbstractTemporal variation is a powerful source of selection on life history strategies and functional traits in natural populations. Theory predicts that the rate and predictability of fluctuations should favor distinct strategies, ranging from phenotypic plasticity to bet-hedging, which are likely to have important consequences for species distribution patterns and their responses to environmental change. To date, we have few empirical studies that test those predictions in natural systems, and little is known about how genetic, environmental, and developmental factors interact to define the “fluctuation niche” of species in temporally variable environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of hydrological variability on fitness and functional trait variation in three closely related plant species in the genus Lasthenia that occupy different microhabitats within vernal pool landscapes. Using a controlled greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the mean and variability in hydrological conditions by growing plants at different depths with respect to a shared water table and manipulating the magnitude of stochastic fluctuations in the water table over time. We found that all species had similarly high relative fitness above the water table, but differed in their sensitivities to water table fluctuations. Specifically, the two species from vernal pools basins, where soil moisture is controlled by a perched water table, were negatively affected by the stochasticity treatments. In contrast, a species from the upland habitat surrounding vernal pools, where stochastic precipitation events control soil moisture variation, was insensitive to experimental fluctuations in the water table. We found strong signatures of genetic, environmental (plastic), and developmental variation in four traits that can influence plant hydrological responses. Three of these traits varied across plant development and among experimental treatments in directions that aligned with constitutive differences among species, suggesting that multiple sources of variation align to facilitate phenotypic matching with the hydrological environment in Lasthenia. We found little evidence for predicted patterns of phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging in species and traits from predictable and stochastic environments, respectively. We propose that selection for developmental shifts in the hydrological traits of Lasthenia species has reduced or modified selection for plasticity at any given stage of development. Collectively, these results suggest that variation in species’ sensitivities to hydrological stochasticity may explain why vernal pool Lasthenia species do not occur in upland habitat, and that all three species integrate genetic, environmental, and developmental information to manage the unique patterns of temporal hydrological variation in their respective microhabitats.

scholarly journals Geographical Variation in Phenotypic Plasticity of Intertidal Sister Limpet’s Species Under Ocean Acidification Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Lardies ◽  
Paz Caballero ◽  
Cristián Duarte ◽  
María Josefina Poupin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Chilean Coast ◽  
Stable Environment ◽  
Evolutionary Level ◽  
Species Specific

Ocean Acidification (OA) can have pervasive effects in calcifying marine organisms, and a better understanding of how different populations respond at the physiological and evolutionary level could help to model the impacts of global change in marine ecosystems. Due to its natural geography and oceanographic processes, the Chilean coast provides a natural laboratory where benthic organisms are frequently exposed to diverse projected OA scenarios. The goal of this study was to assess whether a population of mollusks thriving in a more variable environment (Talcaruca) would present higher phenotypic plasticity in physiological and morphological traits in response to different pCO2 when compared to a population of the same species from a more stable environment (Los Molles). To achieve this, two benthic limpets (Scurria zebrina and Scurria viridula) inhabiting these two contrasting localities were exposed to ocean acidification experimental conditions representing the current pCO2 in the Chilean coast (500 μatm) and the levels predicted for the year 2100 in upwelling zones (1500 (μatm). Our results show that the responses to OA are species-specific, even in this related species. Interestingly, S. viridula showed better performance under OA than S. zebrina (i.e., similar sizes and carbonate content in individuals from both populations; lower effects of acidification on the growth rate combined with a reduction of metabolism at higher pCO2). Remarkably, these characteristics could explain this species’ success in overstepping the biogeographical break in the area of Talcaruca, which S. zebrina cannot achieve. Besides, the results show that the habitat factor has a strong influence on some traits. For instance, individuals from Talcaruca presented a higher growth rate plasticity index and lower shell dissolution rates in acidified conditions than those from Los Molles. These results show that limpets from the variable environment tend to display higher plasticity, buffering the physiological effects of OA compared with limpets from the more stable environment. Taken together, these findings highlight the key role of geographic variation in phenotypic plasticity to determine the vulnerability of calcifying organisms to future scenarios of OA.

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