scholarly journals DECIPHERING THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTAL MECHANISMS OF A COMPLEX SEXUAL ORNAMENT: THE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF SEPSIDAE (DIPTERA)

Evolution ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia H. Bowsher ◽  
Yuchen Ang ◽  
Tanner Ferderer ◽  
Rudolf Meier
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Sexual Ornament ◽  
Abdominal Appendages

scholarly journals Rampant tooth loss across 200 million years of frog evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Paluh ◽  
Karina Riddell ◽  
Catherine M. Early ◽  
Maggie M. Hantak ◽  
Gregory F.M. Jongsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Invertebrate Prey ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Actinopterygian Fishes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specialized Diet

AbstractTeeth have been broadly maintained across most clades of vertebrates but have been lost completely at least once in actinopterygian fishes and several times in amniotes. Using phenotypic data collected from over 500 genera via micro-computed tomography, we provide the first rigorous assessment of the evolutionary history of dentition across all major lineages of amphibians. We demonstrate that dentition is invariably present in caecilians and salamanders, but teeth have been lost completely more than 20 times in frogs, a much higher occurrence of edentulism than in any other vertebrate group. The repeated loss of teeth in anurans is associated with a specialized diet of small invertebrate prey as well as shortening of the lower jaw, but it is not correlated with a reduction in body size. Frogs provide an unparalleled opportunity for investigating the molecular and developmental mechanisms of convergent tooth loss on a large phylogenetic scale.

scholarly journals Rampant tooth loss across 200 million years of frog evolution

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Paluh ◽  
Karina Riddell ◽  
Catherine M Early ◽  
Maggie M Hantak ◽  
Gregory FM Jongsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Invertebrate Prey ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Actinopterygian Fishes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specialized Diet

Teeth are present in most clades of vertebrates but have been lost completely several times in actinopterygian fishes and amniotes. Using phenotypic data collected from over 500 genera via micro-computed tomography, we provide the first rigorous assessment of the evolutionary history of dentition across all major lineages of amphibians. We demonstrate that dentition is invariably present in caecilians and salamanders, but teeth have been lost completely more than 20 times in frogs, a much higher occurrence of edentulism than in any other vertebrate group. The repeated loss of teeth in anurans is associated with a specialized diet of small invertebrate prey as well as shortening of the lower jaw, but it is not correlated with a reduction in body size. Frogs provide an unparalleled opportunity for investigating the molecular and developmental mechanisms of convergent tooth loss on a large phylogenetic scale.

Serotonin immunoreactivity in the ventral nerve cord of the primitive crustacean Anaspides tasmaniae closely resembles that of crayfish

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-535
Author(s):  
P Harrison ◽  
D Macmillan ◽  
H Young
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fibre Bundles ◽  
Cherax Destructor ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Serotonin Immunoreactivity ◽  
Longitudinal Fibre

Syncarid crustaceans, of which only a few living species remain, have articulated segments with well-developed appendages along the length of the body, an arrangement thought to resemble that of the earliest malacostracan crustaceans. Decapod malacostracans have fused thoracic segments and reduced abdominal appendages. Modern representatives of the two groups are separated by at least 300 million years of evolutionary history. The serotonin immunoreactivity of ganglia and connectives from the ventral nerve cord of the syncarid Anaspides tasmaniae was compared with that of serially homologous ganglia of the crayfish Cherax destructor. Both species show the serotonin-immunoreactive longitudinal fibre bundles described from other decapods and thought to be part of a neuromodulatory network. They also have in common a number of the cell bodies associated with this system. Each species has some serotonergic cells in the region examined that are not present, or that do not stain, in the other species.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

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