scholarly journals The influence of rider bodyweight on salivary cortisol concentrations and spontaneous blink rate for horses performing a standardised exercise test

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 16-17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Blink Rate

scholarly journals The Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Tadalafil Influences Salivary Cortisol, Testosterone, and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate Responses to Maximal Exercise in Healthy Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 3510-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Di Luigi ◽  
Carlo Baldari ◽  
Paolo Sgrò ◽  
Gian Pietro Emerenziani ◽  
Maria Chiara Gallotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type

Context: Physical exercise-related stress activates hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; nitric oxide is one of the mediators of the HPA axis response to stress, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors influences nitric oxide-linked biological activities. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether a single oral long half-life phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (tadalafil) administration influences the HPA axis response to exercise-related stress. Design: This was a double-blind, cross-over trial. Participants: Participants included nine healthy male athletes. Interventions: All subjects performed a maximal exercise test in normoxia, after which they received a single oral administration of tadalafil or placebo. Then after a 2-wk washout period, they were crossed over and repeated the exercise test. Each subject was his own control. Salivary collections, for steroid evaluations [cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), testosterone] and respective ratio calculation (DHEAS to cortisol, testosterone to cortisol, testosterone to DHEAS), were performed before each exercise (Pre-Ex), immediately after (Post-Ex), and at 30 min during recovery. Results: As expected, mean salivary cortisol concentration increased immediately after exercise after both tadalafil and placebo (P = 0.014 and P =0.036 vs. Pre-Ex, respectively); however, the cortisol increase was significantly higher after tadalafil administration (P = 0.034 vs. placebo). Furthermore, an increased salivary testosterone after exercise was observed only after tadalafil administration (P = 0.029 vs. Pre-Ex). No effects of either exercise and/or tadalafil administration on salivary DHEAS concentrations were observed. DHEAS to cortisol and testosterone to cortisol ratios significantly decreased after exercise after tadalafil administration (P = 0.037, and P = 0.02 vs. placebo, respectively). Conclusion: Tadalafil administration amplified the salivary cortisol and testosterone responses to a maximal exercise-related stress in healthy trained humans.

scholarly journals Blink rate as a measure of stress and attention in the domestic horse (Equus caballus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Mott ◽  
Susan J. Hawthorne ◽  
Sebastian D. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Domestic Horse ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Initial Reduction

AbstractMeasuring animal stress is fundamentally important for assessing animal emotional state and welfare. Conventional methods of quantifying stress (cortisol levels, heart rate/heart rate variability) require specialist equipment and are not instantly available. Spontaneous blink rate (SBR) has previously been used to measure stress responses in humans and may provide a non-invasive method for measuring stress in other animal species. Here we investigated the use of SBR as a measure of stress in the domestic horse. SBR was measured before and during a low-stress event (sham clipping) and compared with heart rate variability and salivary cortisol. For the entire sample, there was a reduction in SBR (startle response) during the first minute of clipping. For horses reactive to clipping, the initial reduction in SBR was followed by an increase above baseline whereas the SBR of the non-reactive horses quickly returned to baseline. For the entire sample, SBR correlated with heart rate variability and salivary cortisol. We have demonstrated that SBR is a valid fast alternative measure of stress in horses, but the initial 'startle' response must be considered when using this parameter as a measure of animal stress.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Blood Pressure and Ethnicity Are Related to Salivary Cortisol Responses after an Exercise Test in Children: The ExAMIN Youth SA Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7898
Author(s):  
Sabrina Köchli ◽  
Shani Botha-Le Roux ◽  
Aletta Sophia Uys ◽  
Ruan Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background: Childhood elevated circulatory stress mediators such as cortisol seem to play an important role in the development of hypertension and metabolic disorders later in life. Little is known about the association of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood pressure (BP) and ethnicity with cortisol reactivity in young children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 324 black and 227 white school children (aged 7.4 ± 1.0 years) were screened for salivary cortisol reactivity, body mass index, BP and CRF (shuttle run) by standardised assessments for children. Results: Children in the lower cortisol reactivity percentile (<25th) had a higher heart rate (87.0 ± 12.9 bpm) and a lower CRF (3.1 ± 1.3 stages) compared to children in the upper (>25th) percentile (86.2 ± 11.5 bpm and 3.5 ± 1.7 stages, respectively). At baseline, children of black ethnicity had a higher cortisol level (p < 0.001). Immediately before the exercise test, no associations of obesity, BP, CRF and ethnicity with cortisol levels were found. In analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) we found that low CRF, high BP and black ethnicity were independently associated with lower cortisol reactivity by performing the shuttle run test (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Low CRF and high BP were associated with lower cortisol reactivity after a cardiorespiratory exercise test. Black children showed a lower cortisol reactivity which may contribute to the earlier onset of hypertension reported in black compared to white populations. Primary prevention programs need to focus on improving physical fitness to reduce the growing prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders during childhood.

Attenuated salivary cortisol response after exercise test in children with asthma

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieteke Hiemstra ◽  
Sigrid M. Heijsman ◽  
Nicoline F. Koers ◽  
Gianni Bocca ◽  
Betty S. van der Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Children With Asthma

Aerodynamic and Acoustic Voice Measures Before and After an Acute Public Speaking Stressor

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3311-3325
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Perrine ◽  
Ronald C. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Speaking Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Purpose The goal of this study was to determine if differences in stress system activation lead to changes in speaking fundamental frequency, average oral airflow, and estimated subglottal pressure before and after an acute, psychosocial stressor. Method Eighteen vocally healthy adult females experienced the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The TSST includes public speaking and performing mental arithmetic in front of an audience. At seven time points, three before the stressor and four after the stressor, the participants produced /pa/ repetitions, read the Rainbow Passage, and provided a saliva sample. Measures included (a) salivary cortisol level, (b) oral airflow, (c) estimated subglottal pressure, and (d) speaking fundamental frequency from the second sentence of the Rainbow Passage. Results Ten of the 18 participants experienced a hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to stress as indicated by a 2.5-nmol/L increase in salivary cortisol from before the TSST to after the TSST. Those who experienced a response to stress had a significantly higher speaking fundamental frequency before and immediately after the stressor than later after the stressor. No other variable varied significantly due to the stressor. Conclusions This study suggests that the idiosyncratic and inconsistent voice changes reported in the literature may be explained by differences in stress system activation. In addition, laryngeal aerodynamic measures appear resilient to changes due to acute stress. Further work is needed to examine the influence of other stress systems and if these findings hold for dysphonic individuals.

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

The Two Components of Social Desirability and their Relations to Resting Frontal Brain Asymmetry

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia A. Pauls ◽  
Jan Wacker ◽  
Nicolas W. Crost
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Α Band

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between resting frontal hemispheric asymmetry (FHA) in the low α band (8-10.25 Hz) and the two components of socially desirable responding, i.e., self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM), in an opposite-sex encounter. In addition, Big Five facets, self-reports of emotion, and spontaneous eye blink rate (BR), a noninvasive indicator of functional dopamine activity, were assessed. SDE as well as IM were related to relatively greater right-than-left activity in the low α band (i.e., relative left frontal activation; LFA) and to self-reported positive affect (PA), but only SDE was related to BR. We hypothesized that two independent types of motivational approach tendencies underlie individual differences in FHA and PA: affiliative motivation represented by IM and agentic incentive motivation represented by SDE. Whereas the relationship between SDE and PA was mediated by BR, the relationship between SDE and FHA was not.

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