scholarly journals Robustness of five different visual assessment methods for the evaluation of hindlimb lameness based on tubera coxarum movement in horses at the trot on a straight line

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra D. Starke ◽  
Stephen A. May
Keyword(s):  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness

scholarly journals Development of Jaundice Detection Approaches in Neonates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priti Bhagat V ◽  
◽  
Dr Mukesh Raghuwanshi M ◽  
Dr. Kavita Singh ◽  
Dr Sachin Damke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Total Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Life Detection ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubinometer

Jaundice is one of the most common diseases that have a significant impact in the first few days of newborn life. Detection and regular monitoring of bilirubin, which is responsible for Jaundice, is an essential phase during the hyperbilirubinemia. In the literature, various clinical assessment methods of Jaundice are available. It motivates us to present a review of these clinical assessment methods in practice, along with their advantages and limitations. In this paper, we have discussed three widely used methods, such as visual assessment, total serum bilirubin and transcutaneous bilirubinometer. From the comparative analysis of these methods, it is concluded that the visual assessment is very subjective in nature, whereas, the total serum bilirubin method is still a gold standard method. The detailed analysis of the methods depicts that the correlation between this two total serum bilirubin and transcutaneous bilirubinometer has enormous potential for improvement resulting in the enhancement in precision and accuracy of bilirubin measurement.

ESTIMATION OF HERBAGE MASS IN RYEGRASS/WHITE CLOVER DAIRY PASTURES

1988 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. L'Huillier ◽  
N.A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Double Sampling ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Capacitance Probe ◽  
Sampling Procedures

The pasture probe, rising plate meter (RPM), ward height and visual assessment methods were compared for the estimation of the herbage mass of dairy pastures. The pasture probe and calibrated visual assessment were slightly more accurate than others. Visual assessment without calibration was less accurate than all other methods. There was little difference between operators of the pasture probe and RPM, but operator variation was large with visual assessment. Variation between calibrations from different days, seasons, and sites was large. Only dead material content was identified to influence this variation. Pooling of calibrations, double sampling procedures, and derivation of different calibration slopes for each day from an equation fitted to calibration data are procedures discussed for the estimation of herbage mass by farmers, advisors and researchers. Wide adoption of methods such as the pasture probe or RPM with "universal" calibrations could reduce inconsistent advice offered to farmers, and can be used with confidence. Keywords: capacitance probe, rising plate meter, visual assessment, ward height, grassland management, pasture composition, pasture assessment.

scholarly journals Rater agreement for assessment of equine back mobility at walk and trot compared to quantitative gait analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252536
Author(s):  
T. J. P. Spoormakers ◽  
E. A. M. Graat ◽  
F. M. Serra Bragança ◽  
P. R. van Weeren ◽  
H. Brommer
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
General Mobility

Background Lameness assessment in horses is still predominantly performed using subjective methods. Visual assessment is known to have moderate to good intra-rater agreement but relatively poor inter-rater agreement. Little is known about inter- and intra-rater agreement on the evaluation of back motion, for which no objective measurement technique in a clinical setting is available thus far. Objectives To describe inter- and intra-rater agreement of visual evaluation of equine back mobility. Study design Rater reliability study using a fully crossed design in which all horses are rated by all observers. This data is compared with objective gait analysis. Methods Seventy equine professionals (veterinarians and physiotherapists) and veterinary students evaluated videos of 12 healthy horses at walk and trot on a hard, straight line. Nine parameters related to back mobility were scored: general mobility, thoracic, lumbar, lumbosacral flexion and extension and left and right thoracolumbar latero-flexion. All parameters were compared with simultaneously measured quantitative motion parameters. After 1 month, six randomly chosen horses were re-evaluated by 57 observers. Results For each parameter inter- and intra-rater agreements were calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients. For all parameters, inter-rater agreement was very poor (<0.2). The mean intra-rater agreement of all observers and for all parameters was poor (~0.4) but varied between 0.0 and 0.96 for individual observers. There was no correlation between the visual subjective scoring and objective gait analysis measurements. Main limitations Horses were scored from videos and by lack of any existing (semi-) quantitative system, a custom-made system had to be used. Conclusions The poor inter- and intra-rater agreements of visual scoring of mobility of the equine back and the disagreement between subjective and objective gait analysis data, demonstrate the need for the development and introduction of objective, quantitative and repeatable techniques to assess equine back motion.

An assessment of the taxonomic status of wild canids in south-eastern New South Wales: phenotypic variation in dingoes

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron G. Radford ◽  
Mike Letnic ◽  
Melanie Fillios ◽  
Mathew S. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Over Time

In Australia, the genetic integrity of dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) is threatened through hybridisation with feral dogs and consequently the identification of the modern ‘pure’ dingo is ambiguous. There are no accurate classification techniques for dingoes and dingo–dog hybrids in the wild. Genetics, skull morphology and visual assessment are methods currently used, but they often yield contrasting results. We tested skull morphological and visual assessment methods for classifying wild canids in south-eastern New South Wales and examined temporal and geographic trends in skull morphology. Published equations based on discriminant functions revealed varying percentages of dingoes, dogs and their hybrids over time, and did not yield similar results to visual assessment methods. Skull characteristics generally became larger over time but have recently stabilised. Changes in the morphology of the molars were consistent with the occurrence of hybridisation with dogs. Geographic variation was apparent and consistent with Bergmann’s Law, with skulls increasing in size with altitude. This study highlights the importance for improved classification methods of wild canids and the importance of considering geographical variation in morphological studies.

Inbreeding effects on the spring frost hardiness of coastal Douglas-fir

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Shortt ◽  
B.J. Hawkins ◽  
J.H. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Consistent Relationship ◽  
The Common ◽  
Inbreeding Level

An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of inbreeding on frost hardiness of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii). Frost hardiness of branch samples from 19 families of Douglas-fir (four inbreeding levels within five common ancestor groups) was assessed using freeze-induced electrolyte leakage and visual assessment methods in February and April 1993. Frost hardiness of clones of the common ancestors was assessed again in February 1994 using the freeze-induced electrolyte leakage method. There was a significant correlation between the results of the two methods of frost hardiness assessment. Neither method showed a consistent relationship between frost hardiness and inbreeding level, and within-family variability in hardiness was high. Significant differences in hardiness among the common ancestor groups were evident.

Microdensitometer—computer correlation analysis of ultrastructural periodicity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
D.R. Ensor ◽  
C.G. Jensen ◽  
J.A. Fillery ◽  
R.J.K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Computer Storage ◽  
Correlation Process ◽  
Electron Microscope Image ◽  
Fixed Beam

Because periodicity is a major indicator of structural organisation numerous methods have been devised to demonstrate periodicity masked by background “noise” in the electron microscope image (e.g. photographic image reinforcement, Markham et al, 1964; optical diffraction techniques, Horne, 1977; McIntosh,1974). Computer correlation analysis of a densitometer tracing provides another means of minimising "noise". The correlation process uncovers periodic information by cancelling random elements. The technique is easily executed, the results are readily interpreted and the computer removes tedium, lends accuracy and assists in impartiality.A scanning densitometer was adapted to allow computer control of the scan and to give direct computer storage of the data. A photographic transparency of the image to be scanned is mounted on a stage coupled directly to an accurate screw thread driven by a stepping motor. The stage is moved so that the fixed beam of the densitometer (which is directed normal to the transparency) traces a straight line along the structure of interest in the image.

Freeze fracture imaging and computer simulation of liposome structure: Membrane geometry and defects

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Closed Surfaces ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Concentric Spheres ◽  
Membrane Geometry ◽  
Dupin Cyclides ◽  
Limiting Case

At low weight fractions, many surfactant and biological amphiphiles form dispersions of lamellar liquid crystalline liposomes in water. Amphiphile molecules tend to align themselves in parallel bilayers which are free to bend. Bilayers must form closed surfaces to separate hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains completely. Continuum theory of liquid crystals requires that the constant spacing of bilayer surfaces be maintained except at singularities of no more than line extent. Maxwell demonstrated that only two types of closed surfaces can satisfy this constraint: concentric spheres and Dupin cyclides. Dupin cyclides (Figure 1) are parallel closed surfaces which have a conjugate ellipse (r1) and hyperbola (r2) as singularities in the bilayer spacing. Any straight line drawn from a point on the ellipse to a point on the hyperbola is normal to every surface it intersects (broken lines in Figure 1). A simple example, and limiting case, is a family of concentric tori (Figure 1b).To distinguish between the allowable arrangements, freeze fracture TEM micrographs of representative biological (L-α phosphotidylcholine: L-α PC) and surfactant (sodium heptylnonyl benzenesulfonate: SHBS)liposomes are compared to mathematically derived sections of Dupin cyclides and concentric spheres.

Human Enamel Replication

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
Norman L. Dockum ◽  
John G. Dockum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics

Ultrastructural characteristics of fractured human enamel and acid-etched enamel were compared using acetate replicas shadowed with platinum and palladium. Shadowed replications of acid-etched surfaces were also obtained by the same method.Enamel from human teeth has a rod structure within which there are crystals of hydroxyapatite contained within a structureless organic matrix composed of keratin. The rods which run at right angles from the dentino-enamel junction are considered to run in a straight line perpendicular to the perimeter of the enamel, however, in many areas these enamel rods overlap, interlacing and intertwining with one another.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document