scholarly journals Effect of different doses of inhaled ciclesonide on lung function, clinical signs related to airflow limitation and serum cortisol levels in horses with experimentally induced mild to severe airway obstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.‐P. Lavoie ◽  
M. Bullone ◽  
N. Rodrigues ◽  
P. Germim ◽  
B. Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Severe Airway Obstruction ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Induction of stress by the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus in European eels, Anguilla anguilla, after repeated experimental infection

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SURES ◽  
K. KNOPF ◽  
W. KLOAS
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Anguillicola Crassus ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Different Doses

The purpose of this study was to determine under laboratory conditions over a period of 311 days if infection with the nematode Anguillicola crassus induces stress in European eels (Anguilla anguilla), and stimulates the endocrine stress axis as measured by serum cortisol levels. Eels were experimentally infected with 3rd-stage larvae (L3) in different doses to simulate natural conditions with varying infection pressures. Blood samples were drawn from the caudal vein every 2 weeks and serum cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results showed that the application of L3 resulted in a significant increase in the cortisol levels. The period of time at which elevated cortisol values were observed was consistent with the time of larval development and the appearance of adult A. crassus. Thus, there is a stress response to the larval and young adult stages, but no chronic response to older adults. Therefore, it is likely that infection of eels under natural conditions especially with a high number of larvae may be a considerable stressor, in combination with different environmental factors like water temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, pollution and inter-individual relationships.

scholarly journals Cyclic Cushing's syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
E I Marova ◽  
I A Voronkova
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The cyclic Cushing's syndrome is a rare disease characterized by multiple episodes of elevated cortisol levels alternating with periods of its normal secretion. The so-called hypercorticism cycles may be either regular or episodic with intercycle intervals as long as a few days to several years. Most researchers agree that the reliable diagnosis of cyclic Cushing's syndrome should be based on laboratory detection of 3 peaks and 2 falls of plasma cortisol level. Cyclic Cushing's syndrome may be either ACTH dependent or independent. A review of 65 verified cases indicates that this condition may be caused by pituitary corticotropinoma (54%), ectopic ACTH-producing tumour (26%), and adrenal tumour (roughly 11%). The cause of the disease remains uncertain in 9% of the patients. Pathophysiological mechanisms of cyclic Cushing's syndrome are poorly known. In certain cases of bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia or adrenal corticosteroma, it may be associated with the presence of ectopic receptors or anomalous expression of normally located receptors. The majority of the patients presenting with cyclic Cushing's syndrome exhibit symptoms of classical hypercorticism that manifest themselves either on a permanent or cyclic basis. In a small number of patients, clinical signs of cyclic Cushing's syndrome are virtually absent. Variations of the clinical picture and conflicting results of hormonal assays taken together make cyclic Cushing's syndrome difficult to diagnose. Therefore, physicians must be aware of this condition and actively search for it in all patients believed to have an enhanced cortisol production despite normal results of laboratory analysis. Frequent changes of urinary or salivary free cortisol levels are reliable and convenient criteria for cyclic Cushing's syndrome in patients suspected to have this condition. Results of cortisol stimulation or suppression tests are likely to lead to a false conclusion due to spontaneous falls and rises in serum cortisol levels at the time of analysis. Given laboratory confirmation of cyclic Cushing's syndrome, subsequent studies should be focused on the elucidation of its cause. The average life expectancy of patients with cyclic Cushing's syndrome remains to be determined.

Clinical utility of routine postoperative morning cortisol monitoring in detecting new hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis insufficiency following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for sellar lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058
Author(s):  
Anna Jackanich ◽  
Sherwin Tavakol ◽  
Ben A. Strickland ◽  
Martin Rutkowski ◽  
Dina Kamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Cavernous Sinus Invasion ◽  
Sellar Lesions ◽  
Cortisol Levels

OBJECTIVEHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction is a well-documented complication of transsphenoidal craniotomy (TSC) for sellar lesions. The authors aimed to assess their multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative hypocortisolemia utilizing conservative screening methods.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of 257 patients who underwent TSC for pituitary adenoma (PA) or Rathke cleft cyst (RCC) at the University of Southern California between 2012 and 2017. Patients with preoperative adrenal insufficiency, Cushing’s disease, or < 3 months of postoperative follow-up were excluded. Patient demographics, pathology, tumor characteristics, and complications were recorded. Postoperative day 1 (POD1) morning serum cortisol was assessed in all patients. Hypocortisolemia on POD1 (serum cortisol < 5 μg/dl) prompted a 7 am cortisol level measurement on POD 2 (POD2). Clinical signs and symptoms of hypocortisolemia were consistently monitored. After two serum cortisol levels < 5 μg/dl, or one serum level < 5 μg/dl plus a high clinical suspicion for HPA dysfunction, high-risk patients received glucocorticoid supplementation.RESULTSData on 165 patients were included in the analysis; there were 101 women (61.2%) and 64 men (38.7%). Preoperative diagnoses included nonfunctional adenoma (n = 97, 58.7%), growth hormone–secreting adenoma (n = 37, 22.4%), RCC (n = 18, 10.9%), prolactinoma (n = 8, 4.8%), and other (n = 5, 3.0%). One hundred thirty-eight patients (63.0%) had either suprasellar extension or cavernous sinus invasion. POD1 hypocortisolemia was diagnosed in 8 patients (4.8%). Of these patients, 2 (1.2%) were clinically asymptomatic and had normalized POD2 cortisol levels. Six patients (3.6%) had clinical symptoms and POD2 cortisol levels confirming HPA axis deficiency. Of these 6 patients treated with early glucocorticoid replacement, 2 patients recovered HPA axis function during follow-up, making the incidence of new, permanent HPA axis deficiency 2.5%.CONCLUSIONSIn the authors’ institutional review, all patients warranting postoperative glucocorticoid replacement had both complicated surgical courses and associated clinical symptoms of hypocortisolemia. The authors’ algorithm of withholding steroids until patients demonstrate clear evidence of postoperative hypocortisolemia is safe and clinically efficacious. Their data further suggest that routine postoperative cortisol screening may not be necessary following an uncomplicated operative resection, with gland preservation and the absence of clinical symptoms indicative of HPA dysfunction.

Relationship between clinical signs and lung function in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves) during a bronchodilator trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Robinson ◽  
M. A. Olszewski ◽  
D. Boehler ◽  
C. Berney ◽  
J. Hakala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction

scholarly journals Functional Adrenal Insufficiency among Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infected patients: A Cross-section study in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Bwanika Bwanika Naggirinya ◽  
Andrew Mujugira ◽  
David B. Meya ◽  
Irene Andia Biraro ◽  
Ezekiel Mupere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Morning Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Abstract Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of adrenal insufficiency in resource-limited settings. The adrenal gland is the most commonly affected endocrine organ in TB infection. We assessed factors associated with functional adrenal insufficiency (FAI) among TB-HIV patients with and without drug-resistance in Uganda. Patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB were enrolled and examined for clinical signs and symptoms of FAI with an early morning serum cortisol level obtained. FAI was defined as early morning serum cortisol <414 nmol//L. Associations with FAI were modeled using multivariable logistic regression.Results: We screened 311 TB patients and enrolled 272. Of these, 117 (43%) had drug-resistant TB. Median age was 32 years (IQR 18-66) and 66% were men. The proportion with FAI was 59.8%. Mean cortisol levels were lower in participants with drug-resistant than susceptible TB (317.4 versus 488.5 nmol/L; p<0.001). In multivariable analyses, drug-resistant TB (aOR 4.61; 95% CI: 2.3-9.1; p<0.001), treatment duration > 1 month (aOR 2.86; 95% CI: 1.4-5.5; p=0.002) and abdominal pain (aOR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.04-4.09; p=0.038) were significantly associated with FAI. Early morning serum cortisol levels should be quantified in TB-HIV co-infected patients with drug-resistant TB.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollutants are associated with morning serum cortisol in overweight and obese Latino youth in Los Angeles

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Toledo-Corral ◽  
T. L. Alderete ◽  
M. M. Herting ◽  
R. Habre ◽  
A. K. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Morning Cortisol ◽  
Morning Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract Background Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis dysfunction has been associated with a variety of mental health and cardio-metabolic disorders. While causal models of HPA-axis dysregulation have been largely focused on either pre-existing health conditions or psychosocial stress factors, recent evidence suggests a possible role for central nervous system activation via air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM). Therefore, in an observational study of Latino youth, we investigated if monthly ambient NO2, O3, and PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure were associated with morning serum cortisol levels. Methods In this cross-sectional study, morning serum cortisol level was assessed after a supervised overnight fast in 203 overweight and obese Latino children and adolescents (female/male: 88/115; mean age: 11.1 ± 1.7 years; pre-pubertal/pubertal/post-pubertal: 85/101/17; BMI z-score: 2.1 ± 0.4). Cumulative concentrations of NO2, O3 and PM2.5 were spatially interpolated at the residential addresses based on measurements from community monitors up to 12 months prior to testing. Single and multi-pollutant linear effects models were used to test the cumulative monthly lag effects of NO2, O3, and PM2.5 on morning serum cortisol levels after adjusting for age, sex, seasonality, social position, pubertal status, and body fat percent by DEXA. Results Single and multi-pollutant models showed that higher O3 exposure (derived from maximum 8-h exposure windows) in the prior 1–7 months was associated with higher serum morning cortisol (p < 0.05) and longer term PM2.5 exposure (4–10 months) was associated with lower serum morning cortisol levels (p < 0.05). Stratification by pubertal status showed associations in pre-pubertal children compared to pubertal and post-pubertal children. Single, but not multi-pollutant, models showed that higher NO2 over the 4–10 month exposure period associated with lower morning serum cortisol (p < 0.05). Conclusions Chronic ambient NO2, O3 and PM2.5 differentially associate with HPA-axis dysfunction, a mechanism that may serve as an explanatory pathway in the relationship between ambient air pollution and metabolic health of youth living in polluted urban environments. Further research that uncovers how ambient air pollutants may differentially contribute to HPA-axis dysfunction are warranted.

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