scholarly journals Understanding the impact of genetic variation of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) on serological detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (S56) ◽  
pp. 69-69
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Equine Infectious Anaemia Virus

The impact of founder events and introductions on genetic variation in the muskox Ovibos moschatus in Sweden

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Gustaf Thulin ◽  
Linda Englund ◽  
Göran Ericsson ◽  
Göran Spong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Founder Events ◽  
The Impact

Genetic Variation of Serotonin Function and Cognitive Control

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
Gesine Dreisbach ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Thomas Goschke ◽  
Burkhard Brocke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Personality

Although it is widely accepted that serotonin plays a pivotal role in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-related personality traits as well as in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and depression, the role of serotonin in cognition is less clear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of serotonin in cognitive behaviors by examining the impact of genetic variation in key regulators of serotonergic neurotransmission on behavioral measures in a cognitive control task. Eighty-five healthy participants performed a cued continuous performance task (the AX Continuous Performance Task [AXCPT]) and were genotyped for polymorphisms in the transcriptional control regions of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2 G-703T; rs4570625) and the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). The core result was that individuals lacking the rare TPH2 T allele were not faster than T allele carriers, but committed fewer errors and were less variable in responding. These findings parallel those of a recent study where an enhancement of executive control in individuals without the rare TPH2 T/T genotype was observed. Together with recent evidence that individuals without the T allele exhibit higher scores in anxiety- and depression-related personality traits, our results underscore the role of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism in the modulation of behavior and raise the intriguing possibility that genetic variants associated with higher negative emotionality may have beneficial effects on some cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Desert Bighorn Sheep: Changes in Genetic Variation Over Time and the Impact of Merging Populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Hedrick ◽  
John D. Wehausen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Desert Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Founder effects, genetic bottlenecks, and genetic drift in general can lead to low levels of genetic diversity, which can influence the persistence of populations. We examine genetic variation in two populations of desert bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis from New Mexico and Mexico to measure change over time and evaluate the impact of introducing individuals from one population into the other. Over about three generations, the amount of genetic variation in the New Mexico population increased. In contrast, over about two generations the amount of genetic variation in the Mexican population decreased by a great extent compared with an estimate from another Mexican population from which it is primarily descended. The potential reasons for these changes are discussed. In addition, although both populations have low genetic variation, introduction of Mexican rams into the New Mexico population might increase the amount of genetic variation in the New Mexico population. Overall, it appears that management to increase genetic variation might require substantial detailed monitoring and evaluation of ancestry from the different sources and fitness components.

scholarly journals Coalescent Theory of Migration Network Motifs

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2358-2374
Author(s):  
Nicolas Alcala ◽  
Amy Goldberg ◽  
Uma Ramakrishnan ◽  
Noah A Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Network Motifs ◽  
Coalescent Theory ◽  
Migration Networks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Natural populations display a variety of spatial arrangements, each potentially with a distinctive impact on genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among subpopulations. Although the spatial arrangement of populations can lead to intricate migration networks, theoretical developments have focused mainly on a small subset of such networks, emphasizing the island-migration and stepping-stone models. In this study, we investigate all small network motifs: the set of all possible migration networks among populations subdivided into at most four subpopulations. For each motif, we use coalescent theory to derive expectations for three quantities that describe genetic variation: nucleotide diversity, FST, and half-time to equilibrium diversity. We describe the impact of network properties on these quantities, finding that motifs with a high mean node degree have the largest nucleotide diversity and the longest time to equilibrium, whereas motifs with low density have the largest FST. In addition, we show that the motifs whose pattern of variation is most strongly influenced by loss of a connection or a subpopulation are those that can be split easily into disconnected components. We illustrate our results using two example data sets—sky island birds of genus Sholicola and Indian tigers—identifying disturbance scenarios that produce the greatest reduction in genetic diversity; for tigers, we also compare the benefits of two assisted gene flow scenarios. Our results have consequences for understanding the effect of geography on genetic diversity, and they can assist in designing strategies to alter population migration networks toward maximizing genetic variation in the context of conservation of endangered species.

scholarly journals Prospective clinical trial examining the impact of genetic variation in FADS1 on the metabolism of linoleic acid– and ɣ-linolenic acid–containing botanical oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sergeant ◽  
Brian Hallmark ◽  
Rasika A Mathias ◽  
Tammy L Mustin ◽  
Priscilla Ivester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Borage Oil ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Unexplained heterogeneity in clinical trials has resulted in questions regarding the effectiveness of ɣ-linolenic acid (GLA)-containing botanical oil supplements. This heterogeneity may be explained by genetic variation within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster that is associated with circulating and tissue concentrations of arachidonic acid (ARA) and dihomo-ɣ-linolenic acid (DGLA), both of which may be synthesized from GLA and result in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory metabolites, respectively. Objectives The objective of this study was to prospectively compare the capacity of a non-Hispanic white cohort, stratified by FADS genotype at the key single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174537, to metabolize 18-carbon omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs in borage oil (BO) and soybean oil (SO) to GLA, DGLA, and ARA. Methods Healthy adults (n = 64) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover intervention. Individuals received encapsulated BO (Borago officinalis L.; 37% LA and 23% GLA) or SO [Glycine max (L.) Merr.; 50% LA and 0% GLA] for 4 wk, followed by an 8-wk washout period, before consuming the opposite oil for 4 wk. Serum lipids and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein) were assessed for both oil types at baseline and during weeks 2 and 4 of the intervention. Results SO supplementation failed to alter circulating concentrations of any n-6 long-chain PUFAs. In contrast, a modest daily dose of BO elevated serum concentrations of GLA and DGLA in an rs174537 genotype–dependent manner. In particular, DGLA increased by 57% (95% CI: 0.38, 0.79) in GG genotype individuals, but by 141% (95% CI: 1.03, 2.85) in TT individuals. For ARA, baseline concentrations varied substantially by genotype and increased modestly with BO supplementation, suggesting a key role for FADS variation in the balance of DGLA and ARA. Conclusions The results of this study clearly suggest that personalized and population-based approaches considering FADS genetic variation may be necessary to optimize the design of future clinical studies with GLA-containing oils. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02337231.

scholarly journals The Impact of Genetic Variation in theG6PC2Gene on Insulin Secretion Depends on Glycemia

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. E479-E484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Heni ◽  
Caroline Ketterer ◽  
Leen M. 't Hart ◽  
Felicia Ranta ◽  
Timon W. van Haeften ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of vitamin D pathway genetic variation and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D on cancer outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1092-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Vaughan-Shaw ◽  
F O'Sullivan ◽  
S M Farrington ◽  
E Theodoratou ◽  
H Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Cancer Outcome ◽  
The Impact
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