scholarly journals SNP analyses and acoustic tagging reveal multiple origins and widespread dispersal of invasive brown trout in the Falkland Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Minett ◽  
C. Garcia de Leaniz ◽  
H. Sobolewska ◽  
P. Brickle ◽  
G. T. Crossin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Acoustic Tagging

scholarly journals Conservation of endangered galaxiid fishes in the Falkland Islands requires urgent action on invasive brown trout

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Minett ◽  
Daniel M. Fowler ◽  
Josh Jones ◽  
Paul Brickle ◽  
Glen T. Crossin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Establishment Success ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Native Salmonids ◽  
Urgent Action

Non-native salmonids are protected in the Southern hemisphere where they sustain aquaculture and valuable sport fisheries, but also impact on native galaxiid fishes, which poses a conservation conundrum. Legal protection and human-assisted secondary releases may have helped salmonids to spread, but this has seldom been tested. We reconstructed the introduction of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to the Falkland Islands using historical records and modelled its dispersal. Our results indicate that establishment success was ~88%, and that dispersal was facilitated by proximity to introduction sites and density of stream-road crossings, suggesting it was human assisted. Brown trout has already invaded 54% of Falkland rivers, which are 2.9-4.5 times less likely to contain native galaxiids than uninvaded streams. Without strong containment we predict brown trout will invade nearly all suitable freshwater habitats in the Falklands within the next ~70 years, which might put native freshwater fishes at a high risk of extinction

Bartholomew Sulivan and early watercolours of Falkland Islands vegetation in the National Botanic Gardens, Dublin

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
D. M. MOORE ◽  
M. J. P. SCANNELL
Keyword(s):  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Botanic Gardens

Three hitherto undocumented watercolours in the possession of the National Botanic Gardens, Dublin, are found to depict botanically interesting views of Falkland Islands' vegetation and an historically important painting of Port Louis about 1842, when it was the capital of the archipelago. From the evidence available it seems clear that these paintings were prepared by either Bartholomew J. Sulivan or his wife during a surveying voyage to the Falkland Islands in 1842–43, when he commanded the brig Philomel. Some associated herbarium specimens seem to have been collected by B. J. Sulivan during 1838 when he visited the Falkland Islands as Lieutenant aboard the surveying ketch Arrow.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

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