scholarly journals Introduced populations of ragweed show as much evolutionary potential as native populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brechann V. McGoey ◽  
John R. Stinchcombe
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations

scholarly journals Introduced populations of ragweed show as much evolutionary potential as native populations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brechann V. McGoey ◽  
John R. Stinchcombe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations

AbstractInvasive species are a global economic and ecological problem. They also offer an opportunity to understand evolutionary processes in a colonizing context. The impacts of evolutionary factors, such as genetic variation, on the invasion process are increasingly appreciated but there remain gaps in the empirical literature. The adaptive potential of populations can be quantified using genetic variance-covariance matrices (G), which encapsulate the heritable genetic variance in a population. Here, we use a multivariate, Bayesian approach to assess the adaptive potential of introduced populations of ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a serious allergen and agricultural weed. We compared several aspects of genetic architecture and the structure of G matrices between three native and three introduced populations, based on data collected in the field in a common garden experiment. We find moderate differences in the quantitative genetic architecture among populations, but we do not find that introduced populations suffer from a limited adaptive potential compared to native populations. Ragweed has an annual life history, is an obligate outcrosser, and produces billions of seeds and pollen grains per. These characteristics, combined with the significant additive genetic variance documented here, suggest ragweed will be able to respond quickly to selection pressures in both its native and introduced ranges.

scholarly journals Root flavonoids are related to enhanced AMF colonization of an invasive tree

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Pei ◽  
Evan Siemann ◽  
Baoliang Tian ◽  
Jianqing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Invasive Tree

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important mutualistic microbes in soil, which have capacity to form mutualistic associations with most land plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in plant invasions and their interactions with invasive plants have received increasing attention. However, the chemical mechanisms underlying the interactions of AMF and invasive plants are still poorly understood. In this study we aim to test whether root secondary chemicals are related to enhanced AMF colonization and rapid growth in an invasive tree. We conducted a common garden experiment in China with Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) to examine the relationships among AMF colonization and secondary metabolites in roots of plants from introduced (USA) and native (China) populations. We found that AMF colonization rate was higher in introduced populations compared to native populations. Roots of plants from introduced populations had lower levels of phenolics and tannins, but higher levels of flavonoids than those of plants from native populations. Flavonoids were positively correlated with AMF colonization, and this relationship was especially strong for introduced populations. Besides, AMF colonization was positively correlated with plant biomass suggesting that higher root flavonoids and AMF colonization may impact plant performance. This suggests that higher root flavonoids in plants from introduced populations may promote AMF spore germination and/or attract hyphae to their roots, which may subsequently increase plant growth. Overall, our results support a scenario in which invasive plants enhance their AMF association and invasion success via genetic changes in their root flavonoid metabolism. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant invasion success and the evolutionary interactions between plants and AMF. Understanding such mechanisms of invasive plant success is critical for predicting and managing plant invasions in addition to providing important insights into the chemical mechanism of AMF–plant interactions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and evolutionary relationships of haematozoan parasites in native versus introduced populations of common myna Acridotheres tristis

2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1586) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Ishtiaq ◽  
Jon S Beadell ◽  
Allan J Baker ◽  
Asad R Rahmani ◽  
Yadvendradev V Jhala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Common Myna ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Acridotheres Tristis ◽  
Low Prevalence

The success of introduced species is frequently explained by their escape from natural enemies in the introduced region. We tested the enemy release hypothesis with respect to two well studied blood parasite genera ( Plasmodium and Haemoproteus ) in native and six introduced populations of the common myna Acridotheres tristis . Not all comparisons of introduced populations to the native population were consistent with expectations of the enemy release hypothesis. Native populations show greater overall parasite prevalence than introduced populations, but the lower prevalence in introduced populations is driven by low prevalence in two populations on oceanic islands (Fiji and Hawaii). When these are excluded, prevalence does not differ significantly. We found a similar number of parasite lineages in native populations compared to all introduced populations. Although there is some evidence that common mynas may have carried parasite lineages from native to introduced locations, and also that introduced populations may have become infected with novel parasite lineages, it may be difficult to differentiate between parasites that are native and introduced, because malarial parasite lineages often do not show regional or host specificity.

Helminth parasites in native and invasive mammal populations: comparative study on the Barbary ground squirrel Atlantoxerus getulus L. (Rodentia, Sciuridae) in Morocco and the Canary Islands

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta López-Darias ◽  
Alexis Ribas ◽  
Carlos Feliú
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Continental Population ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insular Population

AbstractA total of 51 and 21 adults of Barbary ground squirrels (Atlantoxerus getulus) were trapped during May–July 2006 from the introduced populations on Fuerteventura Island (Canary Islands) and the native populations in Morocco, respectively. One trematode, 1 cestode and 4 nematode species were recovered belonging to five families: Brachylaima sp. (Brachylaimidae), Catenotaenia chabaudi (Catenotaeniidae), Protospirura muricola (Spiruridae), Dermatoxys getula and Syphacia pallaryi (Oxyuuridae), and Trichostrongylus sp. (Trichostrongylidae). We report for the first time the presence of P. muricola, Trichostrongylus sp. and Brachylaima sp. in A. getulus. Brachylaima sp. was found in the insular population only, as a result of a diet that includes snails. The two oxyurids were found at both sites. The continental population showed higher species richness (5 vs 3 species). This is the first report of helminth parasites from A. getulus from the Canary Islands.

scholarly journals Differential germination strategies of native and introduced populations of the invasive species Plantago virginica

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Xinyu Xu ◽  
Lorne Wolfe ◽  
Jeffrey Diez ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Native North America ◽  
Germination Traits

Germination strategies are critically important for the survival, establishment and spread of plant species. Although many plant traits related to invasiveness have been broadly studied, the earliest part of the life cycle, germination, has received relatively little attention. Here, we compared the germination patterns between native (North America) and introduced (China) populations of Plantagovirginica for four consecutive years to examine whether there has been adaptive differentiation in germination traits and how these traits are related to local climatic conditions. We found that the introduced populations of P.virginica had significantly higher germination percentages and faster and shorter durations of germination than native populations. Critically, the native populations had a significantly larger proportion of seeds that stayed dormant in all four years, with only 60% of seeds germinating in year 1 (compared to >95% in introduced populations). These results demonstrate striking differences in germination strategies between native and introduced populations which may contribute to their successful invasion. Moreover, the germination strategy of P.virginica in their native range exhibited clear geographical variation across populations, with trends towards higher germination percentages at higher latitudes and lower annual mean temperatures and annual precipitation. In the introduced range, however, their germination strategies were more conserved, with less variation amongst populations, suggesting that P.virginica may have experienced strong selection for earlier life history characteristics. Our findings highlight the need to examine the role of rapid evolution of germination traits in facilitating plant invasion.

Effects of latitudinal variation on field and common garden comparisons between native and introduced groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-Ru Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Meng Li ◽  
Da-Yong Zhang ◽  
Wan-Jin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
European Populations ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Aims Field and common garden comparisons are commonly performed to test the rapid evolution of increased vigor in introduced plant populations. Latitudinal clines in phenotypic traits can obscure such evolutionary inferences, particularly when native or introduced populations are distributed across large geographic ranges. We tested whether the latitudinal clines influence comparisons between introduced and native populations of Senecio vulgaris. Methods Senecio vulgaris is native to Europe but has been introduced in northeastern and southwestern China. To evaluate the performance in terms of growth and reproduction between native European populations and introduced Chinese populations, we compared plant height, number of branches and number of capitula in field populations in native and introduced ranges and in a common garden in Switzerland. Important Findings The introduced Chinese populations performed better than the native European populations in the field in terms of plant height and number of capitula, which was consistent with the prediction of the evolution of the increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. The Chinese populations produced more capitula than the European populations when the latitudinal cline was considered in the common garden comparison. When we compared the traits of the northeastern Chinese, southwestern Chinese and European populations in both the field and common garden, the northeastern Chinese populations, at latitudes similar to those of the European populations, exhibited greater plant size and more capitula than the European populations in both the field and common garden. However, the southwestern Chinese populations, at latitudes much lower than those of the European populations, did not perform better than the native populations in terms of reproduction. In conclusion, our results suggest that latitudinal clines in phenotypic traits should be considered in field and common garden comparisons when introduced populations are geographically structured.

scholarly journals Cast adrift on an island: introduced populations experience an altered balance between selection and drift

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. O'Neill ◽  
Karen H. Beard ◽  
Michael E. Pfrender
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Signature Of Selection ◽  
Pattern Polymorphism

A long-standing question in evolutionary biology is what becomes of adaptive traits when a species expands its range into novel environments. Here, we report the results of a study on an adaptive colour pattern polymorphism (stripes) of the coqui frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui , following its introduction to Hawaii from Puerto Rico. We compared population differentiation ( ) for the stripes locus—which underlies this colour pattern polymorphism—with neutral microsatellite loci to test for a signature of selection among native and introduced populations. Among native populations, for stripes were lower than expected under the neutral model, suggesting uniform balancing selection. Alternatively, among introduced populations, for stripes did not differ from the neutral model. These results suggest that the evolutionary dynamics of this previously adaptive trait have become dominated by random genetic drift following the range expansion.

Genetic comparison of introduced and native populations of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), a woody shrub introduced into North America from Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Alexis Wafer ◽  
Theresa M. Culley ◽  
Kala Stephens ◽  
J. Ryan Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Native Populations

AbstractIntroduced from Europe to North America in the early 19th century as an ornamental shrub and for medicinal purposes, common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) has since spread and naturalized throughout regions of the United States and Canada. The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of genetic variation and population differentiation in R.cathartica in its introduced range in North America compared with its native range in Europe to better understand patterns of spread. By analyzing introduced and native populations using microsatellite markers, we found that introduced populations generally exhibited similar or slightly lower levels of genetic variation compared with native populations, consistent with a slight bottleneck effect. Introduced populations contained many different genotypes, indicating genetic admixture, rather than one or few genotypes. In a few cases, populations had been misidentified in the field and were glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.; syn. Rhamnus frangula L.). Overall, there was no substantial genetic differentiation detected between native and introduced populations of R. cathartica. Invasive spread in this species is likely due to its past horticultural history as well as adaptive biological traits such as competitive behavior, potential allelopathy, and seed dispersal via birds.

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