scholarly journals Measuring the effect of environmental stress on inbreeding depression alone obscures the relative importance of inbreeding–stress interactions on overall fitness in Callosobruchus maculatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2597-2609
Author(s):  
Amy L. Springer ◽  
Frank J. Messina ◽  
Zachariah Gompert
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Relative Importance

scholarly journals Plant zonation in a tropical irregular estuary: can large occurrence zones be explained by a tradeoff model?

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
JPN Ribeiro ◽  
RS Matsumoto ◽  
LK Takao ◽  
MIS Lima
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Zonation Pattern ◽  
Tropical Estuaries ◽  
Plant Zonation ◽  
Tidal Cycles ◽  
Water Conditions

AbstractEstuaries present an environmental gradient that ranges from almost fresh water conditions to almost marine conditions. Salinity and flooding are the main abiotic drivers for plants. Therefore, plant zonation in estuaries is closely related to the tidal cycles. It is expected that the competitive abilities of plants would be inversely related to the tolerance toward environmental stress (tradeoff). Thus, in estuaries, plant zonation tends to be controlled by the environment near the sandbar and by competition away from it. This zonation pattern has been proposed for regular non-tropical estuaries. For tropical estuaries, the relative importance of rain is higher, and it is not clear to what extent this model can be extrapolated. We measured the tidal influence along the environmental gradient of a tropical irregular estuary and quantified the relative importance of the environment and the co-occurrence degree. Contrary to the narrow occurrence zone that would be expected for regular estuaries, plants presented large occurrence zones. However, the relative importance of the environment and competition followed the same patterns proposed for regular estuaries. The environmental conditions allow plants to occur in larger zones, but these zones arise from smaller and infrequent patches distributed across a larger area, and most species populations are concentrated in relatively narrow zones. Thus, we concluded that the zonation pattern in the Massaguaçu River estuary agrees with the tradeoff model.

Inbreeding depression in two seed-feeding beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus and Stator limbatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Fox ◽  
K.L. Scheibly ◽  
B.P. Smith ◽  
W.G. Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Stator Limbatus

AbstractInbreeding depression is well documented in insects but the degree to which inbreeding depression varies among populations within species, and among traits within populations, is poorly studied in insects other than Drosophila. Inbreeding depression was examined in two long-term laboratory colonies of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), which are used frequently as models for experiments in ecology, evolution and behaviour. Inbreeding depression in these laboratory colonies are compared with one recently field-collected population of a different seed beetle, Stator limbatus Horn. Inbreeding reduced embryogenesis, egg hatch and larval survival in both species, such that eggs produced by sib matings were >17% less likely to produce an adult offspring. Inbred larvae also took 4–6% longer to develop to emergence in both species. Inbreeding depression varied among the measured traits but did not differ between the two populations of C. maculatus for any trait, despite the large geographic distance between source populations (western Africa vs. southern India). Inbreeding depression was similar in magnitude between C. maculatus and S. limbatus. This study demonstrates that these laboratory populations of C. maculatus harbour substantial genetic loads, similar to the genetic load of populations of S. limbatus recently collected from the field.

Relative Importance of Environmental Stress and Herbivory in Reducing Litter Fall in a Semiarid Woodland

Ecosystems ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Schuster ◽  
Neil S. Cobb ◽  
Thomas G. Whitham ◽  
Stephen C. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Litter Fall

scholarly journals Variable inbreeding depression may explain associations between the mating system and herbicide resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Van Etten ◽  
Anah Soble ◽  
Regina S Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Transcriptome Level

AbstractInbreeding depression is a central parameter underlying mating system variation in nature and one that can be altered by environmental stress. Although a variety of systems show that inbreeding depression tends to increase under stressful conditions, we have very little understanding across most organisms how the level of inbreeding depression may change as a result of adaptation to stressors. In this work we examined the potential that inbreeding depression varied among lineages of Ipomoea purpurea artificially evolved to exhibit divergent levels of herbicide resistance. We examined inbreeding depression in a variety of fitness-related traits in both the growth chamber and in the field. We paired our examination of inbreeding depression in fitness-related traits with an examination of gene expression changes associated with the level of herbicide resistance, breeding history (inbred or outcrossed), and the interaction of the breeding system and the level of herbicide resistance. We found that, while inbreeding depression was present across many of the traits, lineages artificially selected for increased herbicide resistance often showed no evidence of inbreeding depression in the presence of herbicide, and in fact, showed evidence of outbreeding depression in some traits compared to non-selected control lines and lineages selected for increased herbicide susceptibility. Further, at the transcriptome level, the resistant selection lines had differing patterns of gene expression according to breeding type (inbred vs outcrossed) compared to the control and susceptible selection lines. Our data together indicate that inbreeding depression may be lessened in populations that are adapting to regimes of strong selection.

scholarly journals Trait convergence and trait divergence in lake phytoplankton reflect community assembly rules

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Borics ◽  
Viktória B-Béres ◽  
István Bácsi ◽  
Balázs A. Lukács ◽  
E. T-Krasznai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Limiting Similarity ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Trait Divergence ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Trait Convergence ◽  
Phytoplankton Traits

Abstract Environmental filtering and limiting similarity are those locally acting processes that influence community structure. These mechanisms acting on the traits of species result in trait convergence or divergence within the communities. The role of these processes might change along environmental gradients, and it has been conceptualised in the stress-dominance hypothesis, which predicts that the relative importance of environmental filtering increases and competition decreases with increasing environmental stress. Analysing trait convergence and divergence in lake phytoplankton assemblages, we studied how the concepts of ‘limiting similarity’ versus ‘environmental filtering’ can be applied to these microscopic aquatic communities, and how they support or contradict the stress-dominance hypothesis. Using a null model approach, we investigated the divergence and convergence of phytoplankton traits along environmental gradients represented by canonical axes of an RDA. We used Rao’s quadratic entropy as a measure of functional diversity and calculated effect size (ES) values for each sample. Negative ES values refer to trait convergence, i.e., to the higher probability of the environmental filtering in community assembly, while positive values indicate trait divergence, stressing the importance of limiting similarity (niche partitioning), that is, the competition between the phytoplankters. Our results revealed that limiting similarity and environmental filtering may operate simultaneously in phytoplankton communities, but these assembly mechanisms influenced the distribution of phytoplankton traits differently, and the effects show considerable changes along with the studied scales. Studying the changes of ES values along with the various scales, our results partly supported the stress-dominance hypothesis, which predicts that the relative importance of environmental filtering increases and competition decreases with increasing environmental stress.

The relative importance of disturbance and environmental stress at local and regional scales in French coastal sand dunes

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Forey ◽  
Benjamin Chapelet ◽  
Yann Vitasse ◽  
Mathieu Tilquin ◽  
Blaise Touzard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Coastal Sand Dunes ◽  
Coastal Sand
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