scholarly journals Eco‐evolutionary dynamics driven by fishing: From single species models to dynamic evolution within complex food webs

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2507-2520
Author(s):  
Tommi Perälä ◽  
Anna Kuparinen
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dynamic Evolution

Single-species models for many-species food webs

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 417 (6887) ◽  
pp. 541-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Murdoch ◽  
B. E. Kendall ◽  
R. M. Nisbet ◽  
C. J. Briggs ◽  
E. McCauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Single Species

Adaptive Diversification Due to Resource Competition in Asexual Models

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doebeli
Keyword(s):  
Resource Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Adaptive Diversification ◽  
Ecological Character ◽  
Ecological Character Displacement ◽  
Phenotypic Diversification ◽  
Established Species

This chapter focuses on evolutionary branching in niche position due to frequency-dependent competition. When the majority phenotype of a population is competing for one type of resource, selection may favor minority phenotypes that consume different types of resources, which could result in phenotypic differentiation and divergence. The idea of divergence due to competition is also the basis for the well-known concept of ecological character displacement, although here the focus is not so much on the origin of diversity arising in a single species, but rather on the evolutionary dynamics of existing diversity between different and already established species. Ecological character displacement embodies the possibility that competition between species can drive divergence in characters determining resource use. However, there are alternative evolutionary scenarios for phenotypic diversification. In the context of resource competition, one such alternative is that individuals diversify their diet by evolving a wider niche.

Predator Ecology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Integrative Science

Predator-prey interactions form an essential part of ecological communities, determining the flow of energy from autotrophs to top predators. The rate of predation is a key regulator of that energy flow, and that rate is determined by the functional response. Functional responses themselves are emergent ecological phenomena – they reflect morphology, behavior, and physiology of both predator and prey and are both outcomes of evolution and the source of additional evolution. The functional response is thus a concept that connects many aspects of biology from behavioral ecology to eco-evolutionary dynamics to food webs, and as a result, the functional response is the key to an integrative science of predatory ecology. In this book, I provide a synthesis of research on functional responses, starting with the basics. I then break the functional response down into foraging components and connect these to the traits and behaviors that connect species in food webs. I conclude that contrary to appearances, we know very little about functional responses, and additional work is necessary for us to understand how environmental change and management will impact ecological systems

Effects of pollution on individual size of a single species

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050079
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Le Song ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Baolin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Evolutionary Branching ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Individual Size

In this paper, we develop a single species evolutionary model with a continuous phenotypic trait in a pulsed pollution discharge environment and discuss the effects of pollution on the individual size of the species. The invasion fitness function of a monomorphic species is given, which involves the long-term average exponential growth rate of the species. Then the critical function analysis method is used to obtain the evolutionary dynamics of the system, which is related to interspecific competition intensity between mutant species and resident species and the curvature of the trade-off between individual size and the intrinsic growth rate. We conclude that the pollution affects the evolutionary traits and evolutionary dynamics. The worsening of the pollution can lead to rapid stable evolution toward a smaller individual size, while the opposite is more likely to generate evolutionary branching and promote species diversity. The adaptive dynamics of coevolution of dimorphic species is further analyzed when evolutionary branching occurs.

scholarly journals Limited evidence for sardine and anchovy asynchrony: re-examining an old story

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1922) ◽  
pp. 20192781
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Siple ◽  
Timothy E. Essington ◽  
Lewis A. K. Barnett ◽  
Mark D. Scheuerell
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Short Time Series ◽  
Short Time

Asynchronous fluctuations in abundance between species with similar ecological roles can stabilize food webs and support coexistence. Sardine ( Sardinops spp.) and anchovy ( Engraulis spp.) have long been used as an example of this pattern because low-frequency variation in catches of these species appears to occur out of phase, suggesting that fisheries and generalist predators could be buffered against shifts in productivity of a single species. Using landings data and biomass and recruitment estimates from five regions, we find that species do not have equivalent peak abundances, suggesting that high abundance in one species does not compensate for low abundance in the other. We find that globally there is a stronger pattern of asynchrony in landings compared to biomass, such that landings data have exaggerated the patterns of asynchrony. Finally, we show that power to detect decadal asynchrony is poor, requiring a time series more than twice the length of the period of fluctuation. These results indicate that it is unlikely that the dynamics of these two species are compensatory enough to buffer fisheries and predators from changes in abundance, and that the measurements of asynchrony have largely been a statistical artefact of using short time series and landings data to infer ecology.

scholarly journals On Subtrees of Fan Graphs, Wheel Graphs, and “Partitions” of Wheel Graphs under Dynamic Evolution

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yang ◽  
An Wang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Wei-Ting Zhao ◽  
Dao-Qiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Extremal Problems ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Graph Invariants ◽  
Wheel Graphs

The number of subtrees, or simply the subtree number, is one of the most studied counting-based graph invariants that has applications in many interdisciplinary fields such as phylogenetic reconstruction. Motivated from the study of graph surgeries on evolutionary dynamics, we consider the subtree problems of fan graphs, wheel graphs, and the class of graphs obtained from “partitioning” wheel graphs under dynamic evolution. The enumeration of these subtree numbers is done through the so-called subtree generation functions of graphs. With the enumerative result, we briefly explore the extremal problems in the corresponding class of graphs. Some interesting observations on the behavior of the subtree number are also presented.

scholarly journals Abrupt community transitions and cyclic evolutionary dynamics in complex food webs

2013 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takahashi ◽  
Åke Brännström ◽  
Rupert Mazzucco ◽  
Atsushi Yamauchi ◽  
Ulf Dieckmann
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics
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