scholarly journals Swift thermal reaction norm evolution in a key marine phytoplankton species

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Listmann ◽  
Maxime LeRoch ◽  
Lothar Schlüter ◽  
Mridul K. Thomas ◽  
Thorsten B. H. Reusch
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Norm Evolution

scholarly journals The Genetic Basis of Thermal Reaction Norm Evolution in Lab and Natural Phage Populations

PLoS Biology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. e201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Knies ◽  
Rima Izem ◽  
Katie L Supler ◽  
Joel G Kingsolver ◽  
Christina L Burch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Norm Evolution ◽  
Natural Phage

scholarly journals Phenylhydrazone and Quinazoline Derivatives from the Cold-Seep-Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Liu ◽  
Sheng-Tao Fang ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Shi ◽  
Bin-Gui Wang ◽  
Xiao-Nian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Quinazoline Derivatives

Three new phenylhydrazones, penoxahydrazones A–C (compounds 1–3), and two new quinazolines, penoxazolones A (compound 4) and B (compound 5), with unique linkages were isolated from the fungus Penicillium oxalicum obtained from the deep sea cold seep. Their structures and relative configurations were assigned by analysis of 1D/2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations of 1, 4, and 5 were established on the basis of X-ray crystallography or ECD calculations. Compound 1 represents the first natural phenylhydrazone-bearing steroid, while compounds 2 and 3 are rarely occurring phenylhydrazone tautomers. Compounds 4 and 5 are enantiomers that feature quinazoline and cinnamic acid units. Some isolates exhibited inhibition of several marine phytoplankton species and marine-derived bacteria.

scholarly journals Do Differences in Latitudinal Distributions of Species and Organelle Haplotypes Reflect Thermal Reaction Norms Within the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa Complex?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter von Dassow ◽  
Paula Valentina Muñoz Farías ◽  
Sarah Pinon ◽  
Esther Velasco-Senovilla ◽  
Simon Anguita-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The cosmopolitan phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi contrasts with its closest relatives that are restricted to narrower latitudinal bands, making it interesting for exploring how alternative outcomes in phytoplankton range distributions arise. Mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxleyi are shared with their closest relatives: Some E. huxleyi share organelle haplogroups with Gephyrocapsa parvula and G. ericsonii which inhabit lower latitudes, while other E. huxleyi share organelle haplogroups with G. muellerae, which inhabit high latitudes. We investigated whether the phylogeny of E. huxleyi organelles reflects environmental gradients, focusing on the Southeast Pacific where the different haplogroups and species co-occur. There was a high congruence between mitochondrial and chloroplast haplogroups within E. huxleyi. Haplogroup II of E. huxleyi is negatively associated with cooler less saline waters, compared to haplogroup I, both when analyzed globally and across temporal variability at the small special scale of a center of coastal upwelling at 30° S. A new mitochondrial haplogroup Ib detected in coastal Chile was associated with warmer waters. In an experiment focused on inter-species comparisons, laboratory-determined thermal reaction norms were consistent with latitudinal/thermal distributions of species, with G. oceanica exhibiting warm thermal optima and tolerance and G. muellerae exhibiting cooler thermal optima and tolerances. Emiliania huxleyi haplogroups I and II tended to exhibit a wider thermal niche compared to the other Gephyrocapsa, but no differences among haplogroups within E. huxleyi were found. A second experiment, controlling for local adaptation and time in culture, found a significant difference between E. huxleyi haplogroups. The difference between I and II was of the expected sign, but not the difference between I and Ib. The differences were small (≤1°C) compared to differences reported previously within E. huxleyi by local adaptation and even in-culture evolution. Haplogroup Ib showed a narrower thermal niche. The cosmopolitanism of E. huxleyi might result from both wide-spread generalist phenotypes and specialist phenotypes, as well as a capacity for local adaptation. Thermal reaction norm differences can well explain the species distributions but poorly explain distributions among mitochondrial haplogroups within E. huxleyi. Perhaps organelle haplogroup distributions reflect historical rather than selective processes.

scholarly journals Cyclonerane Derivatives from the Algicolous Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma asperellum A-YMD-9-2

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Ping Song ◽  
Feng-Ping Miao ◽  
Xiang-Hong Liu ◽  
Xiu-Li Yin ◽  
Nai-Yun Ji
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Potent Inhibition

Seven previously unreported cyclonerane derivatives, namely, 3,7,11-trihydroxycycloneran-10-one, cycloneran-3,7,10,11-tetraol, cycloneran-3,7,11-triol, 11,12,15-trinorcycloneran-3,7,10-triol, 7,10S-epoxycycloneran-3,15-diol, 7,10R-epoxycycloneran-3,15-diol, and (10Z)-15-acetoxy-10-cycloneren-3,7-diol, were isolated in addition to the known (10Z)-cyclonerotriol, (10E)-cyclonerotriol, catenioblin C, and chokol E from the culture of Trichoderma asperellum A-YMD-9-2, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine red alga Gracilaria verrucosa. The structures of previously unreported compounds were established by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D/2D NMR, MS, and IR. The isolation of these new cyclonerane derivatives greatly adds to the structural diversity of unusual cyclonerane sesquiterpenes, and several isolates exhibit potent inhibition against some marine phytoplankton species.

scholarly journals Divergence and ontogenetic coupling of larval behaviour and thermal reaction norms in three closely related butterflies

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1703) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Berger ◽  
Magne Friberg ◽  
Karl Gotthard
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Trade Offs

Genetic trade-offs such as between generalist–specialist strategies can be masked by changes in compensatory processes involving energy allocation and acquisition which regulation depends on the state of the individual and its ecological surroundings. Failure to account for such state dependence may thus lead to misconceptions about the trade-off structure and nature of constraints governing reaction norm evolution. Using three closely related butterflies, we first show that foraging behaviours differ between species and change remarkably throughout ontogeny causing corresponding differences in the thermal niches experienced by the foraging larvae. We further predicted that thermal reaction norms for larval growth rate would show state-dependent variation throughout development as a result of selection for optimizing feeding strategies in the respective foraging niches of young and old larvae. We found substantial developmental plasticity in reaction norms that was species-specific and reflected the different ontogenetic niche shifts. Any conclusions regarding constraints on performance curves or species-differentiation in thermal physiology depend on when reaction norms were measured. This demonstrates that standardized estimates at single points in development, or in general, allow variation in only one ecological dimension, may sometimes provide incomplete information on reaction norm constraints.

Embryonic Growth Rate Thermal Reaction Norm of Mediterranean Caretta caretta Embryos from Two Different Thermal Habitats, Turkey and Libya

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Monsinjon ◽  
Imed Jribi ◽  
Abdulmaula Hamza ◽  
Atef Ouerghi ◽  
Yakup Kaska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Embryonic Growth

scholarly journals Global pattern of phytoplankton diversity driven by temperature and environmental variability

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. eaau6253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Righetti ◽  
Meike Vogt ◽  
Nicolas Gruber ◽  
Achilleas Psomas ◽  
Niklaus E. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

Despite their importance to ocean productivity, global patterns of marine phytoplankton diversity remain poorly characterized. Although temperature is considered a key driver of general marine biodiversity, its specific role in phytoplankton diversity has remained unclear. We determined monthly phytoplankton species richness by using niche modeling and >540,000 global phytoplankton observations to predict biogeographic patterns of 536 phytoplankton species. Consistent with metabolic theory, phytoplankton richness in the tropics is about three times that in higher latitudes, with temperature being the most important driver. However, below 19°C, richness is lower than expected, with ~8°– 14°C waters (~35° to 60° latitude) showing the greatest divergence from theoretical predictions. Regions of reduced richness are characterized by maximal species turnover and environmental variability, suggesting that the latter reduces species richness directly, or through enhancing competitive exclusion. The nonmonotonic relationship between phytoplankton richness and temperature suggests unanticipated complexity in responses of marine biodiversity to ocean warming.

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