scholarly journals Effectiveness of managed gene flow in reducing genetic divergence associated with captive breeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 956-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Waters ◽  
Jeffrey J. Hard ◽  
Marine S. O. Brieuc ◽  
David E. Fast ◽  
Kenneth I. Warheit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Captive Breeding

Genetic variability and population structure of some Iranian Salvia limbata C. A. Mey. populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed M. Talebi ◽  
Alex V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Nj Tree ◽  
Issr Primers

Salvia limbata is one of the aromatic herbs of Lamiaceae that naturally grows in different regions of Iran. This species has several usages in folk and modern medicine. In the current research, population genetic divergence and structure were evaluated in eight Iranian populations of this species. Nuclear genomes were extracted using CTAB method and amplified by ten ISSR primers. Parameters of genetic divergence changed among and within the examined populations. Percentage of among populations polymorphism was higher than within population ones in most of studied populations. It was supported by results of Analysis of Molecular Variance test, which revealed the large part of significant genetic variation belonged to among populations rather than within populations. In this regard, individuals of most populations were close together, while according to UPGMA tree, the studied populations were clustered into seven groups. STRUCTURE analysis and NJ tree produced similar results. The low rate of gene flow (Lm) and highest value of genetic differentiation (GST) confirmed the high genetic differentiation of the studied populations. Popart analysis revealed the occurrence of several mutations in order to adapt populations with environmental conditions. The occurrence of adaptive mutations and gene flow disruption due to habitat separation seems to differentiate the populations.

scholarly journals Substantial genetic divergence and lack of recent gene flow support cryptic speciation in a colour polymorphic bumble bee ( Bombus bifarius ) species complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Ghisbain ◽  
Jeffrey D. Lozier ◽  
Sarthok Rasique Rahman ◽  
Briana D. Ezray ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Recent Gene Flow

Inferring population connectivity across the range of the purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus) from mitochondrial DNA and morphology: implications for conservation management

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Skroblin ◽  
Robert Lanfear ◽  
Andrew Cockburn ◽  
Sarah Legge
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
The Impact

Knowledge of population structure and patterns of connectivity is required to implement effective conservation measures for the purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus), a threatened endemic of northern Australia. This study aimed to identify barriers to dispersal across the distribution of M. coronatus, investigate the impact that the recent declines may have on population connectivity, and propose conservation actions to maintain natural patterns of gene flow. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences from 87 M. coronatus identified two phylogenetic clusters that corresponded with the phenotypically defined western (M. c. coronatus) and eastern (M. c. macgillivrayi) subspecies. The genetic divergence between these subspecies was consistent with isolation by a natural barrier to gene flow, and supports their separate conservation management. Within the declining M. c. coronatus, the lack of genetic divergence and only slight morphological difference between remnant populations indicates that populations were recently linked by gene flow. It is likely that widespread habitat degradation and the recent extirpation of M. c. coronatus from the Ord River will disrupt connectivity between, and dynamics within, remnant populations. To prevent further declines, conservation of M. coronatus must preserve areas of quality habitat and restore connectivity between isolated populations.

scholarly journals Isolation by resistance across a complex coral reef seascape

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1812) ◽  
pp. 20151217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Thomas ◽  
W. Jason Kennington ◽  
Michael Stat ◽  
Shaun P. Wilkinson ◽  
Johnathan T. Kool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Seascape Genetics

A detailed understanding of the genetic structure of populations and an accurate interpretation of processes driving contemporary patterns of gene flow are fundamental to successful spatial conservation management. The field of seascape genetics seeks to incorporate environmental variables and processes into analyses of population genetic data to improve our understanding of forces driving genetic divergence in the marine environment. Information about barriers to gene flow (such as ocean currents) is used to define a resistance surface to predict the spatial genetic structure of populations and explain deviations from the widely applied isolation-by-distance model. The majority of seascape approaches to date have been applied to linear coastal systems or at large spatial scales (more than 250 km), with very few applied to complex systems at regional spatial scales (less than 100 km). Here, we apply a seascape genetics approach to a peripheral population of the broadcast-spawning coral Acropora spicifera across the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, a high-latitude complex coral reef system off the central coast of Western Australia. We coupled population genetic data from a panel of microsatellite DNA markers with a biophysical dispersal model to test whether oceanographic processes could explain patterns of genetic divergence. We identified significant variation in allele frequencies over distances of less than 10 km, with significant differentiation occurring between adjacent sites but not between the most geographically distant ones. Recruitment probabilities between sites based on simulated larval dispersal were projected into a measure of resistance to connectivity that was significantly correlated with patterns of genetic divergence, demonstrating that patterns of spatial genetic structure are a function of restrictions to gene flow imposed by oceanographic currents. This study advances our understanding of the role of larval dispersal on the fine-scale genetic structure of coral populations across a complex island system and applies a methodological framework that can be tailored to suit a variety of marine organisms with a range of life-history characteristics.

scholarly journals Low genetic divergence and variation in coastal dune populations of the widespread terrestrial orchid Epipactis helleborine

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jacquemyn ◽  
Hanne De Kort ◽  
An Vanden Broeck ◽  
Rein Brys
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Colonization Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epipactis Helleborine ◽  
Seed Introduction

Abstract Reconstructing the early history of species divergence and quantifying the level of standing genetic variation in diverging populations are central to our understanding of ecotype formation and ultimately speciation. In this study, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms to reconstruct the evolutionary history of species divergence in coastal dune populations of the widespread terrestrial orchid Epipactis helleborine and to investigate the level of standing genetic variation in 29 coastal dune populations in a fragmented dune landscape along the Belgian and French coast. Additionally, we used seed introduction experiments to assess the potential for gene flow into existing populations after long-distance seed dispersal and the ability to colonize vacant sites. Our results showed that coastal dune populations diverged only recently from inland populations, went through a significant bottleneck and were most probably the result of a single colonization event. Current levels of population genetic diversity are low and not related to population size or spatial isolation. The sampled dune populations also showed little genetic differentiation, and no apparent spatial genetic structure was observed. Seed introduction experiments showed that seeds of coastal dune populations germinated easily in both occupied and unoccupied sites in dune habitat, indicating that the availability of suitable mycorrhizal fungi is not limiting the distribution of coastal dune populations and that gene flow through seeds has probably contributed to the observed low levels of genetic differentiation. Overall, these results are consistent with a process of genetic divergence after a single, recent colonization event, followed by extensive gene flow among populations.

Evidence for morphological and genetic divergence in Perinereis cultrifera (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from two habitat types at Elba Island

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferruccio Maltagliati ◽  
Laura Camilli ◽  
Claudio Lardicci ◽  
Alberto Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Marine Site ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Elba Island ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Divergence With Gene Flow

Differentiation between two samples of the polychaete Perinereis cultrifera collected in a brackish-water habitat and in an adjacent marine site at Elba Island (Italy) was assessed by morphological (number of paragnaths on the zones of the pharynx) and genetic (allozymes) approaches. Mean number of paragnaths differed significantly in zones IIl, IIr, III and V by t-test (P<0·05). Multidimensional scaling performed on Manhattan distances separated the individuals in two groups with a narrow zone of juxtaposition. Electrophoretic analyses of 22 allozyme loci revealed high levels of both within- and between-sample genetic heterogeneity, with a large number of private alleles. A general deficit of heterozygotes accounted for deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Nei's genetic distance (D=0·185±0·018) and the mean value of the coancestry coefficient (Θ=0·381± 0·123, P<0·001 by permutation test) indicated considerable genetic divergence between the two samples. We concluded that the two groups can be assigned to sibling species. The observed divergence between the two samples may results from absence of gene flow and subsequent microallopatric differentiation through genetic drift, or, assuming migration between populations of the two sites, the model of divergence with gene flow may be compatible with this system.

scholarly journals Long-term ‘islands’ in the landscape: low gene flow, effective population size and genetic divergence in the shrubHakea oldfieldii(Proteaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Sampson ◽  
Maggie Hankinson ◽  
Shelley McArthur ◽  
Sarah Tapper ◽  
Margaret Langley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Effective Population

scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION WITH LITTLE GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS OF BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA)

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Nils Ryman ◽  
Fred W Allendorf ◽  
Gunnar Ståhl
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

ABSTRACT Two reproductively isolated demes of brown trout coexist in a small Swedish mountain lake, Lake Bunnersjoarna. We electrophoretically examined 102 specimens from that lake for 27 enzymes encoded by 54 loci. The two demes are fixed for different alleles at a lactate dehydrogenase locus (LDH-1); statistically significant allele frequency differences at five other loci further support the complete lack of gene flow between these demes. There are significant differences in growth rates between fish in the two demes, but no further morphological differentiation has been detected.——In light of these findings, the genetic distance between these populations is surprisingly small (NEI'S I=0.975). These demes represent one of the least genetically divergent, reproductively isolated sympatric pair of vertebrate populations that have been identified. The results are discussed from both an evolutionary and ecological perspective.

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