scholarly journals Persistence of antipredator behavior in an island population of California quail

Ethology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha A. Rasheed ◽  
Kristina Hambley ◽  
Gabriel Chan ◽  
Carlos A. de la Rosa ◽  
Brenda Larison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Island Population ◽  
California Quail

scholarly journals Parrot Free-Flight as a Conservation Tool

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Constance Woodman ◽  
Chris Biro ◽  
Donald J. Brightsmith
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Raptor Conservation

The release of captive-raised parrots to create or supplement wild populations has been critiqued due to variable survival rates and unreliable flocking behavior. Private bird owners free-fly their parrots in outdoor environments and utilize techniques that could address the needs of conservation breed and release projects. We present methods and results of a free-flight training technique used for 3 parrot flocks: A large-bodied (8 macaws of 3 species and 2 hybrids), small-bodied (25 individuals of 4 species), and a Sun Parakeet flock (4 individuals of 1 species). Obtained as chicks, the birds were hand-reared in an enriched environment. As juveniles, the birds were systematically exposed to increasingly complex wildland environments, mirroring the learning process of wild birds developing skills. The criteria we evaluated for each flock were predation rates, antipredator behavior, landscape navigation, and foraging. No parrots were lost to predation or disorientation during over 500 months of free-flight time, and all birds demonstrated effective flocking, desirable landscape navigation, and wild food usage. The authors conclude that this free-flight method may be directly applicable for conservation releases, similar to the use of falconry methods for raptor conservation.

scholarly journals Independent evolution towards larger body size in the distinctive Faroe Island mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Wilches ◽  
William H Beluch ◽  
Ellen McConnell ◽  
Diethard Tautz ◽  
Yingguang Frank Chan
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Multiple Loci

Abstract Most phenotypic traits in nature involve the collective action of many genes. Traits that evolve repeatedly are particularly useful for understanding how selection may act on changing trait values. In mice, large body size has evolved repeatedly on islands and under artificial selection in the laboratory. Identifying the loci and genes involved in this process may shed light on the evolution of complex, polygenic traits. Here, we have mapped the genetic basis of body size variation by making a genetic cross between mice from the Faroe Islands, which are among the largest and most distinctive natural populations of mice in the world, and a laboratory mouse strain selected for small body size, SM/J. Using this F2 intercross of 841 animals, we have identified 111 loci controlling various aspects of body size, weight and growth hormone levels. By comparing against other studies, including the use of a joint meta-analysis, we found that the loci involved in the evolution of large size in the Faroese mice were largely independent from those of a different island population or other laboratory strains. We hypothesize that colonization bottleneck, historical hybridization, or the redundancy between multiple loci have resulted in the Faroese mice achieving an outwardly similar phenotype through a distinct evolutionary path.

scholarly journals Genetic consequences of human management in an introduced island population of red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Heredity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
D H Nussey ◽  
J Pemberton ◽  
A Donald ◽  
L E B Kruuk
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Human Management

Geographic Variation in Dominance of Spinosad Resistance in Colorado Potato Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coby Klein ◽  
Mitchell Baker ◽  
Andrei Alyokhin ◽  
David Mota-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Long Island ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
High Level

Abstract Eastern New York State is frequently the site of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say) populations with the highest observed levels of insecticide resistance to a range of active ingredients. The dominance of a resistant phenotype will affect its rate of increase and the potential for management. On organic farms on Long Island, L. decemlineata evolved high levels of resistance to spinosad in a short period of time and that resistance has spread across the eastern part of the Island. Resistance has also emerged in other parts of the country as well. To clarify the level of dominance or recessiveness of spinosad resistance in different parts of the United States and how resistance differs in separate beetle populations, we sampled in 2010 beetle populations from Maine, Michigan, and Long Island. In addition, a highly resistant Long Island population was assessed in 2012. All populations were hybridized with a laboratory-susceptible strain to determine dominance. None of the populations sampled in 2010 were significantly different from additive resistance, but the Long Island population sampled in 2012 was not significantly different from fully recessive. Recessive inheritance of high-level resistance may help manage its increase.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Thanatosis in the Braconid Parasitoid Wasp Heterospilus prosopidis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mio Amemiya ◽  
Kôji Sasakawa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Death Feigning ◽  
Heterospilus Prosopidis ◽  
History Of

Thanatosis, also called death feigning, is often an antipredator behavior. In insects, it has been reported from species of various orders, but knowledge of this behavior in Hymenoptera is insufficient. This study examined the effects of sex, age (0 or 2 days old), temperature (18 or 25 °C), and background color (white, green, or brown) on thanatosis in the braconid parasitoid wasp Heterospilus prosopidis. Thanatosis was more frequent in 0-d-old individuals and in females at 18 °C. The duration of thanatosis was longer in females, but this effect of sex was weaker at 18 °C and in 0-d-old individuals. The background color affected neither the frequency nor duration. These results were compared with reports for other insects and predictions based on the life history of this species, and are discussed from an ecological perspective.

IMPACT OF EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN A PREVIOUSLY UNINFECTED ISLAND POPULATION: EVALUATION OF A NEW SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC METHOD

1986 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY R. HARRIS ◽  
SCOTT D. HOLMBERG ◽  
ROBERT D. R. PARKER ◽  
DALE E. KAY ◽  
TIMOTHY J. BARRETT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Island Population

Quantifying human disturbance on antipredator behavior and flush initiation distance in yellow-bellied marmots

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunwang Li ◽  
Raquel Monclús ◽  
Terry L. Maul ◽  
Zhigang Jiang ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Antipredator Behavior

Quantifying insect predation with predator exclusion cages: the role of prey antipredator behavior as a source of bias

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Castellanos ◽  
Pedro Barbosa ◽  
Iriana Zuria ◽  
Astrid Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Predator Exclusion ◽  
Insect Predation
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