Ontogenetic changes in chemical alarm cue recognition and fast-start performance in guppies (Poecilia reticulata )

Ethology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 916-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigang Xia ◽  
Meiling Cheng ◽  
Ruiyu Cai ◽  
Shijian Fu ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cue ◽  
Alarm Cue ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Cue Recognition

ONTOGENETIC CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO HETEROSPECIFIC ALARM CUES BY JUVENILE LARGEMOUTH BASS ARE PHENOTYPICALLY PLASTIC

Behaviour ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon Gershaneck ◽  
Justin Golub ◽  
Grant Brown ◽  
Desiree Plata
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cue ◽  
Alarm Cue ◽  
Information Cues ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues

AbstractJuvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) undergo an ontogenetic change in their response to chemical alarm cues of a heterospecific prey guild member (finescale dace, Phoxinus neogaeus), shifting from an antipredator to a foraging response at a standard length of 50 to 55 mm. We conducted a laboratory study to determine if: (1) this shift is fixed or phenotypically plastic, and (2) juvenile bass respond to the alarm cues of a non-Ostariophysan prey guild member. Juvenile bass were reared on high versus low food diets for 10 weeks prior to the experiment, and then exposed to heterospecific skin extracts (the source of chemical alarm cues). When exposed to the skin extracts of finescale dace or green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), juvenile bass exhibited a significant positive relationship between standard length and horizontal and vertical area use and time spent moving. In addition, there was a significant effect of body type, with bass with deeper body morphs shifting from antipredator to foraging responses earlier than those with shallower body morphs. Bass exhibited no change in behaviour to swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) skin extracts, which lack a chemical alarm cue recognized by bass. These data strongly suggest that the developmental point at which bass switch from an antipredator to a foraging response is phenotypically plastic and dependant upon body morphology, and that bass are capable of using the chemical alarm cue of at least two, taxonomically diverse, heterospecific prey guild members as social information cues.

Evidence of the peptide identity of the epidermal alarm cue in tadpoles of the toad Rhinella arenarum

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilina Raices
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cue ◽  
Antipredator Response ◽  
Alarm Cue ◽  
Tissue Source ◽  
Rhinella Arenarum ◽  
Amphibian Tadpole ◽  
Defensive Behaviours ◽  
Sustained Inhibition

Chemical cues associated with predation attempts allow prey to trigger defensive behaviours. Accordingly, tadpoles of several species of anurans display strong behavioural responses to chemical cues of injured conspecifics. As part of the antipredator response, tadpoles show rapid and sustained inhibition of activity when exposed to chemical cues of predation. Although the ability to respond to cues of conspecifics has been confirmed in a wide variety of anuran species, studies about the tissue source and the chemical aspects of the molecules involved are scarce and contradictory. In the present work, we analysed the chemical characteristics, tissue source and release mechanism of the chemical alarm cue in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles. Our results support the hypothesis that a peptide of epidermal origin in mediates amphibian tadpole communication.

Response of juvenile rainbow trout to varying concentrations of chemical alarm cue: response thresholds and survival during encounters with predators

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reehan S Mirza ◽  
Douglas P Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Response Threshold ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cue ◽  
Alarm Cue ◽  
Risk Of Predation

Prey animals may mediate the intensity of their behavioural responses to predators to reflect their risk of predation. However, in the absence of an overt (observable) behavioural response to a particular predation-risk cue, we need to ask whether or not prey animals are still using the cue to assess predation risk. Behavioural responses that are not readily observable within the time frame of the experiment are considered covert. In this study we exposed juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to varying concentrations of conspecific chemical alarm cue to determine their observable response threshold. In a subsequent experiment we exposed the trout to alarm-cue concentrations above and below their behavioural-response threshold and allowed them to interact with an unknown predator (northern pike, Esox lucius). Trout exposed to concentrations below the observable response threshold were able to evade the predator equally as well as trout exposed to alarm-cue concentrations above the observable response threshold. This study illustrates the sophistication with which prey animals employ chemosensory risk assessment. We must use caution when relying on overt behavioural responses for assessing whether prey are utilizing specific cues to mediate their risk of predation.

Active space of chemical alarm cue in natural fish populations

Behaviour ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Wisenden
Keyword(s):  
Skin Extract ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Active Space ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cue ◽  
Alarm Cue ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
Water Traps ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues

AbstractChemical cues released from injured fish skin during a predator attack provide reliable information about the presence of predation risk. Here, I report estimates of the area avoided by littoral fishes after experimental release of chemical alarm cues in two small lakes in northern Minnesota. Minnow traps were labeled chemically with either water (control) or skin extract (chemical alarm cue) made from 2 cm2 of cyprinid skin (redbelly dace in experiment 1, fathead minnows in experiment 2). Traps labeled with water were placed 1, 2, or 8 m from traps labeled with alarm cue. After 2 h, water-traps that were either 1 or 2 m distant from an alarm-trap caught significantly fewer fish than water-traps 8 m distant from alarm-traps. Conspecific and heterospecific skin extract produced similar area avoidance by fathead minnows. Redbelly dace showed a larger active space in response to conspecific than heterospecific alarm cues. Brook stickleback showed reduced catches within 2 m of skin extract of fathead minnows. Overall, the radius of active space was between 2 and 8 m under lake conditions with average subsurface currents of 0.82 cm/s. These data are the first field estimates of active space of ostariophysan chemical alarm cues.

Field verification of chondroitin sulfate as a putative component of chemical alarm cue in wild populations of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

Chemoecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexai E. Faulkner ◽  
Ingrid E. Holstrom ◽  
Samantha A. Molitor ◽  
Mikaela E. Hanson ◽  
Whitney R. Shegrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cue ◽  
Field Verification ◽  
Alarm Cue
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document