scholarly journals Antipredator responses to alarm pheromone in groups of young and/or old thrips larvae

Ethology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulien J. A. de Bruijn ◽  
Maurice W. Sabelis ◽  
Martijn Egas
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Antipredator Responses

The effects of reduced pH on chemical alarm signalling in ostariophysan fishes

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant E Brown ◽  
James C Adrian, Jr. ◽  
Michael G Lewis ◽  
Jon M Tower
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Alarm Pheromones ◽  
Loss Of Response ◽  
Ostariophysan Fishes ◽  
Antipredator Responses ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Ph Conditions

Under laboratory conditions, we examined the effects of acute exposure to weakly acidic conditions (pH 6.0) on the ability of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and finescale dace (Phoxinus neogaeus) to detect and respond to conspecific and artificial alarm pheromones. Initially, minnows and dace exhibited normal antipredator responses when exposed to conspecific alarm pheromones under normal (pH 8.0) conditions. When retested at pH 6.0, we observed no significant antipredator response. However, when returned to normal pH conditions, both exhibited normal antipredator responses. Minnows exposed to the putative ostariophysan alarm pheromone (hypoxanthine-3-N-oxide) exhibited a similar trend in behavioural response. Finally, we manipulated the pH of minnow skin extract and hypoxanthine-3-N-oxide to determine the chemical mechanism responsible for this observed loss of response. Minnows exhibited significant antipredator responses to natural and artificial alarm pheromones at normal pH conditions, but did not respond to either stimulus once they had been buffered to pH 6.0 or acidified and rebuffered to pH 7.5. These data suggest that the ability of minnows and dace to detect and respond to alarm pheromones is impaired under weakly acidic conditions and that this loss of response is due to a nonreversible covalent change to the alarm pheromone molecule itself.

Diazinon disrupts antipredator and homing behaviors in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1911-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel L Scholz ◽  
Nathan K Truelove ◽  
Barbara L French ◽  
Barry A Berejikian ◽  
Thomas P Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Homing Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Antipredator Responses ◽  
Neurotoxic Pesticides

Neurotoxic pesticides are known to contaminate surface waters that provide habitat for salmonids, including some listed for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Despite their widespread use, the impacts of these pesticides on the neurological health of wild salmon are not well understood. Of particular concern are the organophosphate and carbamate insecticides that block synaptic transmission by inhibiting neuronal acetylcholinesterase. Here we assess the effects of diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide, on alarm pheromone induced antipredator responses and homing behavior in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Nominal exposure concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 µg·L-1) were chosen to emulate diazinon pulses in the natural environment. In the antipredator study, diazinon had no effect on swimming behavior or visually guided food capture. However, the pesticide significantly inhibited olfactory-mediated alarm responses at concentrations as low as 1.0 µg·L-1. Similarly, homing behavior was impaired at 10.0 µg·L-1. Our results suggest that olfactory-mediated behaviors are sensitive to anticholinesterase neurotoxicity in salmonids and that short-term, sublethal exposures to these insecticides may cause significant behavioral deficits. Such deficits may have negative consequences for survival and reproductive success in these fish.

Ontogenetic changes in the association between antipredator responses and growth variables

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIANCA WOHLFAHRT ◽  
DIRK J. MIKOLAJEWSKI ◽  
GERRIT JOOP ◽  
STEVEN M. VAMOSI
Keyword(s):  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Antipredator Responses

The role of experience in risk assessment: Avoidance of areas chemically labelled with fathead minnow alarm pheromone by conspecifics and heterospecifics

Ecoscience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Wisenden ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Grant E. Brown ◽  
R. Jan F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Alarm Pheromone

Antipredator responses to overhead fright stimuli in hatchery-reared and wild European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Malavasi ◽  
Vyron Georgalas ◽  
Danilo Mainardi ◽  
Patrizia Torricelli
Keyword(s):  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Antipredator Responses
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