Associations between Non-Lethal Injury, Body Size, and Foraging Ecology in an Amphibian Intraguild Predator

Ethology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cy L. Mott ◽  
Michael A. Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Intraguild Predator

scholarly journals Is the scaling of swim speed in sharks driven by metabolism?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 20150781 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. P. Jacoby ◽  
Penthai Siriwat ◽  
Robin Freeman ◽  
Chris Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Ecological Parameters

The movement rates of sharks are intrinsically linked to foraging ecology, predator–prey dynamics and wider ecosystem functioning in marine systems. During ram ventilation, however, shark movement rates are linked not only to ecological parameters, but also to physiology, as minimum speeds are required to provide sufficient water flow across the gills to maintain metabolism. We develop a geometric model predicting a positive scaling relationship between swim speeds in relation to body size and ultimately shark metabolism, taking into account estimates for the scaling of gill dimensions. Empirical data from 64 studies (26 species) were compiled to test our model while controlling for the influence of phylogenetic similarity between related species. Our model predictions were found to closely resemble the observed relationships from tracked sharks, providing a means to infer mobility in particularly intractable species.

scholarly journals Foraging ecology during nesting influences body size in a pursuit-diving seabird

2015 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Paredes ◽  
RA Orben ◽  
DD Roby ◽  
DB Irons ◽  
R Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Foraging Ecology

scholarly journals Relationship between ontogenetic changes in foraging ecology and muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity in wild smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1389-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Laberge ◽  
Nicholas Edmunds ◽  
Irene Yin-Liao ◽  
Kevin S. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Ldh Activity

The activity of muscle glycolytic enzymes scales positively with body size in active fish, a phenomenon thought to counter the increased costs of burst swimming faced by larger individuals. Recent work argued that changes in these enzymes during ontogeny additionally reflect changes in foraging ecology. Here, we evaluated the relationship between muscle anaerobic metabolism and foraging ecology in a population of wild smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) by relating activity of muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to estimates of trophic position and habitat use obtained from stable isotope signatures. As expected, LDH activity increased with body size. However, further analysis showed associations between foraging ecology and LDH activity. Specifically, a shift to higher trophic position, indicating a change in diet, was paralleled by a shift to increased LDH activity. However, a steady mass-specific decrease in LDH activity was observed as the fish grew above the size associated with this diet shift. Further, lower LDH activity was associated with increasing use of littoral carbon sources. These findings contribute to our understanding of how plasticity in muscle anaerobic potential is associated with fish foraging ecology.

scholarly journals Skull and buccal cavity allometry increase mass-specific engulfment capacity in fin whales

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1683) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Goldbogen ◽  
Jean Potvin ◽  
Robert E. Shadwick
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fin Whales ◽  
Lunge Feeding

Rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) represent not only some of the largest animals of all time, but also exhibit a wide range in intraspecific and interspecific body size. Balaenopterids are characterized by their extreme lunge-feeding behaviour, a dynamic process that involves the engulfment of a large volume of prey-laden water at a high energetic cost. To investigate the consequences of scale and morphology on lunge-feeding performance, we determined allometric equations for fin whale body dimensions and engulfment capacity. Our analysis demonstrates that larger fin whales have larger skulls and larger buccal cavities relative to body size. Together, these data suggest that engulfment volume is also allometric, increasing with body length as . The positive allometry of the skull is accompanied by negative allometry in the tail region. The relative shortening of the tail may represent a trade-off for investing all growth-related resources in the anterior region of the body. Although enhanced engulfment volume will increase foraging efficiency, the work (energy) required to accelerate the engulfed water mass during engulfment will be relatively higher in larger rorquals. If the mass-specific energetic cost of a lunge increases with body size, it will have major consequences for rorqual foraging ecology and evolution.

scholarly journals Antbird Guilds in the Lowland Caribbean Rainforest of Southeast Nicaragua

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Cody
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Army Ants ◽  
Army Ant ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Mixed Species Flocks ◽  
Species Flocks

Abstract Some 20 species of antbirds occur in lowland Caribbean rainforest in southeast Nicaragua where they form five distinct guilds on the basis of habitat preferences, foraging ecology, and foraging behavior. Three guilds are habitat-based, in Edge, Forest, and Gaps within forest; two are behaviorally distinct, with species of army ant followers and those foraging within mixed-species flocks. The guilds each contain 3–6 antbird species. Within guilds, species are segregated by body size differences between member species, and in several guilds are evenly spaced on a logarithmic scale of body mass. Among guilds, the factors by which adjacent body sizes differ vary between 1.25 and 1.75. Body size differences may be related to differences in preferred prey sizes, but are influenced also by the density of the vegetation in which each species customarily forages. Resumen. Unas 20 especies de aves hormigueras viven en el bosque tropical perennifolio, sureste de Nicaragua, donde se forman cinquo gremios distinctos estribando en preferencias de habitat, ecologia y comportamiento de las costumbres de alimentacion. Las diferencias entre las varias especies son cuantificadas por caractaristicas del ambiente vegetal y por la ecologia y comportamiento de la alimentación, y usados para definir cinco grupos o gremios (“guilds”). Tres gremios se designan por las relaciones de habitat: edge (margen), forest (selva), y gaps (aberturas adentro la selva); dos mas por comportamiento, partidarios de army ants (hormigas armadas) y mixed-species flocks (forrejando en bandadas de especies mexcladas). Estos gremios contenien 3–6 especies hormiguera. Dentro de grupos hay diferencias regulares en peso de cuerpo entre las especies; diferencias que igualmente existen entre los gremios diferentes, con razónes medios de 1.25 a 1.75 en peso de cuerpo. Las diferencias en el tamaño de especies individuales probablemente estan relaciónadas con las diferencias entre los tamaños de las presas preferidas, pero quizas son influenciadas por la densidad de la vegetacion en donde se alimentan.

Herbivore population suppression by an intermediate predator, Phytoseiulus macropilis, is insensitive to the presence of an intraguild predator: an advantage of small body size?

Oecologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Rosenheim ◽  
David D. Limburg ◽  
Ramana G. Colfer ◽  
Valerie Fournier ◽  
Cynthia L. Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Phytoseiulus Macropilis ◽  
Intraguild Predator ◽  
Population Suppression

scholarly journals Can Foraging Ecology Drive the Evolution of Body Size in a Diving Endotherm?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e56297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée R. Cook ◽  
Amélie Lescroël ◽  
Yves Cherel ◽  
Akiko Kato ◽  
Charles-André Bost
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Foraging Ecology

scholarly journals Steps of The Asian Giants: Modeling the Body Size Related Foraging Ecology of Meganthropus palaeojavanicus, a 8 Feet Hominid in Central Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Central Java ◽  
South West ◽  
Steep Slopes

Meganthropus palaeojavanicus was known very tall with body height of 8 feet and this made M. palaeojavanicus as the tallest hominid ever existed. This species was living in closed tropical woodland and hilly landscape as the fossil remains were found in a remote forest in Sangiran, central Java. Owing large body size, it may influence the foraging ecology of M. palaeojavanicus to cope with the terrain. In here, this study aimed to model the M. palaeojavanicus foraging ecology along terrain gradients. The model indicates that within 5 km home range radius, the most suitable foraging areas were in north east since these areas have more flat landscapes with slopes of <7.5%. While less suitable areas in north west and south west areas were characterized by hilly landscapes with rugged terrain and steep slopes with slopes of >62.8%.

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