scholarly journals Female harlequin beetle riding pseudoscorpion (Cordylochernes scorpioides) with a brood of birthing nymphs. Pseudoscorpions are viviparous, with the embryos developing in an external brood sac overlying the mother_s genital aperture. After birth, nymphs r

Ethology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. i-i
Keyword(s):  
Genital Aperture ◽  
Cordylochernes Scorpioides

A note on the genus Hyalomma Koch in Palestine

Parasitology ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adler ◽  
B. Feldman-Muehsam
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Border ◽  
Genital Aperture

The determination of Hyalomma sp. is discussed. In the material examined from Palestine the genital aperture of the female, the cuticle in the proximity of the stigmata and the number of ‘tunnels’ in the anterior border of the scutum are characters which facilitate diagnosis.

scholarly journals Immunological female role tested on artificial plugs in three scorpion species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela A. Oviedo-Diego ◽  
Camilo I. Mattoni ◽  
Alfredo V. Peretti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Genital Atrium ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Genital Aperture ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Female Genital

AbstractWithin arachnids, genital plugs are morphologically diverse, and they can be formed by male, female or be a contribution of both sexes. Although several species of scorpions with genital plugs are known, the physiological effects on the female after being plugged have not been well studied yet. This work compares three scorpion species, two with genital plugs and one without. We first describe the genital plugs morphology of twoUrophoniusspecies. Second, through the placement of artificial genital plugs in the female genital atrium, we tested 1) whether there are interspecific differences in the immune encapsulation response on the artificial genital plug, 2) if there are an effect in the hemocyte load in the hemolymph, and 3) if individual’s immunological parameters and body weight are correlated. Additionally, we describe and quantify the hemocytes in these species. In both species ofUrophonius, genital plugs were found covering the female genital aperture and blocking the genital atrium. The plugs consist of three zones that are distinct in morphology and coloration. We found different patterns of encapsulation and melanization on the artificial plug according to the species, with a greater and more specific response in females of plug producing species. Also, these species showed a decrease in the hemocyte load one month after the placement of the artificial plug, possibly due to the recirculation of the hemocytes into the genital area. In addition, correlations were found between the body weight and the immunological parameters, as well as between different immunological parameters. Our results suggest that females contribute to the formation of genital plugs by adding material and generating the darkening of the genital plugs in certain zones. This comparative study can help to provide a wider framework of different physiological consequences related to a particular postcopulatory mechanism such as the genital plugs.

OPISTHOSOMAL MUSCULATURE OF FEMALE ARANEUS DIADEMATUS (ARANEAE: ARGIOPIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Robinson ◽  
U. Paim
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Genital Aperture ◽  
Araneus Diadematus

AbstractThe opisthosomal musculature of adult female Araneus diadematus Clerck was investigated by means of dissections. Forty-nine different muscles, each paired, were found in the opisthosoma proper. Of these muscles, 7 pairs move the opisthosoma about the pedicel, 13 pairs compress the opisthosoma, 19 pairs move the spinnerets and colulus with respect to the opisthosoma, 4 pairs dilate the anus, 3 pairs dilate the genital aperture, and 3 pairs open the book-lung spiracles.

Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea  (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1476 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSEMARY E. GOLDING ◽  
WINSTON F. PONDER ◽  
MARIA BYRNE
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Genital Aperture ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Central Nervous Systems

The taxonomy of the pulmonate superfamily Amphiboloidea is investigated with particular reference to Australasian taxa. Anatomical features of the alimentary, reproductive and central nervous systems differ substantially between taxa, and conchological, opercular and radular characters are also described. Four genera are recognised in Amphibolidae; Amphibola Schumacher, 1817, Salinator Hedley, 1900, Lactiforis gen. nov. and Naranjia gen. nov.. Two additional genera are assigned to new families; Phallomedusa gen. nov. (Phallomedusidae fam. nov.) and Maningrida gen. nov. (Maningrididae fam. nov.). Phallomedusidae fam. nov. is characterised by a paucispiral, keeled operculum and syntremous diaulic reproductive system with a complex, spiral penis. Maningrididae fam. nov. has an expanded operculum with a marginal nucleus and a syntremous diaulic reproductive system with two novel copulatory structures at the genital aperture. Taxonomic descriptions and a key are provided for eight Australian species; Salinator fragilis (Lamarck, 1822), Salinator tecta sp. nov., Salinator rhamphidia sp. nov., Salinator rosacea sp. nov., Lactiforis tropicalis sp. nov., Phallomedusa solida (Martens, 1878), Phallomedusa austrina sp. nov., and Maningrida arnhemensis sp. nov. and three non-Australian taxa; Amphibola crenata (Martyn, 1786), Lactiforis takii (Kuroda, 1928) and Naranjia cf. swatowensis (Yen, 1939).

scholarly journals XXXII.—A Specimen of Helix pomatia with Paired Male Organs

1907 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 312-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Genital Aperture ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Ancestral Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

Summary1. An account is given of a fully grown specimen of Helix pomatia, which, in addition to the normal set of reproductive organs present on the right side, possesses also on the left side a set of accessory male organs—namely, a penis and its retractor muscle, vas deferens, and flagellum. There is no trace of connection between these supernumerary organs and the ovotestis or the genital ducts of the right side.2. The normal and supernumerary penes are equally developed and are symmetrically placed with regard to the median plane of the head.3. The extra penis has the usual structure; it possesses a fully-developed copulatory organ and a muscular tubular introvert upon the inner sheath.4. The extra vas deferens opens at one end into the penis and at the other terminates blindly in the sub-epidermal tissue; the blind end is bound to the epidermis by a short cord of connective tissue.5. The extra flagellum is normal in size and in its internal structure.6. The penial nerves on both sides have a corresponding course from the cerebral ganglion to their distribution on the penes. Owing to defective preservation it was impossible to determine whether the fibres of the extra penial nerve arise from the ocular nerve, as is apparently the case, or whether they really arise from the pedal ganglion, as do those of the normal penial nerve.7. The penis opens into a short atrium which communicates with the exterior by a genital aperture of normal size and shape. This supernumerary genital aperture occupies a position on the left side exactly corresponding to that of the normal one on the right side. About 2·5 mm. posterior and slightly dorsal to it is the blind end of the vas deferens, which is situated close to the dorsal margin of the epidermal groove, which traverses the anterior portion of the animal.8. In the duplication of the penis and its associated structures this snail presents an example of lateral homoeosis. The only comparable cases recorded in the Mollusca are a Pteropod with paired penes (see Addendum, p. 327) and a specimen of Moschites cirrosa, in which not only was the third right arm hectocotylised as usual, but the third left one also.9. The supplementary vas deferens and the retracted penis form a U-shaped loop, both ends of which are in contact with the epidermis, and so closely resemble the corresponding structures figured by Plate in the primitive Pulmonate, Pythia scarabeus, that these organs may be described as having identical relations in the two forms, except that in the supplementary organs of Helix the vas deferens has no actual opening at its epidermal end and that it bears a flagellum which is not present in Pythia. It is suggested that the supplementary organs of Helix, having been able to develop free from the disturbing influence of the vagina, oviduct, and their accessory structures (which on the right side have been secondarily moved forwards in phylogeny), have assumed a condition closely resembling that which they would present in the ancestral form in which male and female apertures were some distance apart. The form of the extra organs (the vas deferens having a close connection at one end with the epidermis), which, it is suggested, might also be assumed by the corresponding normal organs if they were also free to develop independently of the female structures, supports the view that the present condition of the genital ducts in Helix and in other Stylommatophora, has been derived from a condition existing in the ancestral form in which the vas deferens and penis were connected with the primitive genital opening by means of a lateral groove, such as is still found in Pythia.10. Consideration of this and of other abnormalities which have been described in the Pulmonata leads to the conclusion that the penis develops as an epidermal structure which in Helix and other Stylommatophora is closely associated with, and is secondarily carried inwards by, the invaginating atrium. In proterogynously hermaphrodite forms, especially in those in which the shell is depressed, reduced, or absent, the development of the penis rudiment may be postponed until the male elements in the gonad are further developed.

scholarly journals A multiple gestation in a Delphinus delphis stranded on the north-western Spanish coast

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel F. González ◽  
Alfredo López ◽  
Pedro Benavente
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Genital Aperture ◽  
Delphinus Delphis ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The North ◽  
Female Foetus ◽  
North Western ◽  
Caudal Area

The present study is the first record of twinning in Delphinus delphis. The first foetus was a female of 72 cm total length which had a curved caudal area. This animal was located in the left uterine horn, very close to the genital aperture. The second foetus was a male of 46 cm total length and its external morphology was deformed. It was located in the uterus and the nose was shorter than the female foetus. Documented incidences of twinning in cetaceans are rare.

scholarly journals Pseudoscorpion Wolbachia symbionts: Diversity and Evidence for a New Supergroup S

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Lefoulon ◽  
Travis Clark ◽  
Fanni Borveto ◽  
Marco Perriat-Sanguinet ◽  
Catherine Moulia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Target Enrichment ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Cordylochernes Scorpioides ◽  
Symbiont Acquisition ◽  
Biotinylated Probes

Abstract Background Wolbachia are the most widely spread endosymbiotic bacteria, present in a wide variety of insects and two families of nematodes, but as of now, relatively little genomic data has been available. The Wolbachia symbiont can be parasitic, as described for many arthropod systems, an obligate mutualist, as in filarial nematodes or a combination of both in some organisms. They are currently classified into 16 monophyletic lineage groups ("supergroups"). Although the nature of these symbioses remains largely unknown, expanded Wolbachia genomic data will contribute to understanding their diverse symbiotic mechanisms and evolution. Results This report focuses on Wolbachia infections in three pseudoscorpion species infected by two distinct groups of Wolbachia strains , based upon multi-locus phylogenies. Geogarypus minor harbours w Gmin and Chthonius ischnocheles harbours w Cisc, both closely related to supergroup H, while Atemnus politus harbours w Apol, a member of a novel supergroup S along with Wolbachia from the pseudoscorpion Cordylochernes scorpioides ( w Csco), most closely related to Wolbachia supergroups C and F. Using target enrichment by hybridization with Wolbachia -specific biotinylated probes to capture large fragments of Wolbachia DNA, we produced two draft genomes of w Apol. Annotation of w Apol highlights presence of a biotin operon, which is incomplete in many sequenced Wolbachia genomes. Conclusions The present study highlights at least two symbiont acquisition events among pseudoscorpion species. Phylogenomic analysis indicates that the Wolbachia from Atemnus politus ( w Apol), forms a separate supergroup ("S") with the Wolbachia from Cordylochernes scorpioides (w Csco). Interestingly, the biotin operon, present in w Apol, appears to have been horizontally transferred multiple times along Wolbachia evolutionary history.

Sexual dimorphism in the baiji, Lipotes vexillifer

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1484-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Anli ◽  
Zhou Kaiya
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Young Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Genital Aperture ◽  
Condylobasal Length ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Width Measurements

Dimorphism was detected in body length and in skull dimensions of the baiji, Lipotes vexillifer. The age of a sample comprising 22 females and 14 males was estimated. A single-phase Laird growth model was fitted to the body length versus age data for females. Two curves were required for the males, one for those with 4 dentinal growth layer groups (GLGs) and another for those above that age, i.e., with more than 4 GLGs. Males and females have about the same growth rate until they have about 4 GLGs, after which males grow more slowly than females. Sexual dimorphism was also found in 9 external measurements, based on t-tests. Analysis of covariance showed that once the effect of body length was removed, only 1 of the 9 measurements, from the tip of the upper jaw to the genital aperture, differed significantly between males and females. Differences in skull measurements resulted mainly from an early slowdown in the rate of longitudinal growth of the male, before the increase in body length slowed. Females and males could be correctly sexed by discriminant analysis using the body length, condylobasal length, and zygomatic width, and also the condylobasal length, width of the rostrum at the base, and the zygomatic width, except for one young female. Eight skull length measurements were greater in adult females than in adult males after the effect of body length was removed, and five skull width measurements were greater in males when the effect of condylobasal length was removed. Asymmetry in the position of the blowhole and in skew of the skull is pronounced and is independent of body length and sex.

scholarly journals Pseudoscorpionida (Arachnida) em galerias de colônias de Passalidae (Coleoptera, Insecta) em troncos caídos em floresta de terra firme da Amazônia, Brasil

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nair Otaviano Aguiar ◽  
Paulo Friedrich Bührnheim
Keyword(s):  
Terra Firme ◽  
Cordylochernes Scorpioides

Em sete municípios do Amazonas, um de Rondônia e um de Roraima, foram examinadas 71 colônias de 24 espécies de Passalidae (Coleoptera), pertencentes aos gêneros: Passalus Fabricius, 1792 (14 espécies); Paxillus Mac Leay, 1819 (três); Popilius Kaup, 1871 (três); Spasalus Kaup, 1869 (uma); Verres Kaup, 1871 (uma); Veturius Kaup, 1871 (duas). Foram registradas doze espécies de pseudoscorpiões, incluindo nove gêneros e cinco famílias, listadas a seguir: Chernetidae - Americhernes aff. incertus Mahnert, 1979, Cordylochernes scorpioides (Linnaeus 1758), Lustrochenes similis (Balzan 1892), L. aff. reimoseri Beier, 1932, L. intermedius (Balzan 1892), Phymatochernes crassimanus Mahnert 1979; Chthoniidae - Pseudochthonius homodentatus Chamberlin, 1929; Lechytiidae - Lechytia chthoniiformis (Balzan 1887); Tridenchthoniidae - Tridenchthonius mexicanus Chamberlin & Chamberlin 1945; Withiidae - Cacodemonius sp., Dolichowithius (D.) emigrans (Tullgren 1907), D. (D.) mediofasciatus Mahnert, 1979. Dentre as espécies mais freqüentes (T. mexicanus, L. intermedius e L. aff. reimoseri), ocorreram todos os estágios de desenvolvimento. Foram coletadas de uma a três espécies de pseudoscorpiões em cada colônia individual de besouros passalídeos. T. mexicanus foi a única espécie encontrada em todos os municípios, ocorrendo em 45 colônias de dezenove espécies de passalídeos, sendo a maioria dos exemplares encontrado no subcórtex. L. intermedius foi a segunda espécie mais abundante, ocorrendo em colônias de 11 espécies de Passalidae, a maioria também no subcórtex. L. aff reimoseri ocorreu em 13 colônias de Passalidae, sob a casca, alburno e cerne. L. aff. reimoseri foi a única espécie coletada somente no cerne.

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