Communicating risk: variability of interpreting qualitative terms

A. MacLeod; S. Pietravalle

doi:10.1111/epp.12367

Communicating risk assessments: Accuracy, efficacy, and responsibility.

American Psychologist ◽

10.1037/0003-066x.51.9.939 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 939-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Robert F. Schopp

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessments ◽

Communicating Risk

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Age Conditional Probability of Ocular and Ocular Adnexal Malignancies

Ocular Oncology and Pathology ◽

10.1159/000511364 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Mathias Nittmann ◽

Curtis E. Margo

Keyword(s):

Conditional Probability ◽

Uveal Melanoma ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pedagogical Tool ◽

United States Population ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Cumulative Risks ◽

Adjusted Incidence ◽

Communicating Risk

Aim: The aim of this study was to discuss and illustrate the role age-conditional probability has in communicating risk of developing ocular and ocular adnexal malignancies. Methods: Cross-sectional incidence for retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, conjunctival melanoma, and lacrimal gland carcinomas from 2000 to 2017 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Incidence rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 United States population. Age-adjusted incidence was converted to age-interval and cumulative risks. Outcomes were examined in 20-year intervals and cumulatively for adult cancers and yearly for retinoblastoma. Results: The risk of each malignancy displayed age-dependent variation. For adult malignancies, men were at higher risk at most age intervals. Uveal melanoma had the greatest cumulative lifetime risk. The probability of developing retinoblastoma declines precipitously after age 3 years. Conclusions: Age-conditional probability of developing cancer is a conceptually friendly means of understanding and communicating risk. It is particularly useful in comparing the risks of uncommon or rare cancers, such as those found in and around the eye. The assessment of risk in terms of age-conditional probability is a versatile and an underutilized pedagogical tool.

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How do you warn them if they speak only Spanish? Challenges for organizations in communicating risk to Colonias residents in Texas, USA

Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/dpm-02-2014-0022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 533-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sudha Arlikatti ◽

Hassan A. Taibah ◽

Simon A. Andrew

Keyword(s):

Nonprofit Organizations ◽

Online Survey ◽

Linguistically Diverse ◽

Risk Information ◽

Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽

Future Research ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Content Type ◽

Diverse Groups ◽

Communicating Risk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the information channels used by public and nonprofit organizations to communicate disaster risk information to Colonias residents in Hidalgo County, Texas. It seeks to find creative and proactive solutions for organizations to improve risk education to these constituents. Design/methodology/approach – Initially a snowball sampling technique was used to conduct six face-to-face interviews. This was followed by an online survey sent to 64 reputational referrals, of which 23 completed the survey, generating a response rate of 34 percent. A comparative analysis between public and nonprofit organizations and the Fischer's exact test were employed to analyze the data. Findings – Channel preferences for providing risk information varied with public organizations using the television (TV) and the nonprofit organizations using bilingual staff for outreach. The television, radio, public events, and bilingual staff were considered to be the most effective while social media (Facebook, Twitter, and city web sites) was not considered at all by both groups. Lack of funding and staffing problems were identified as the primary challenges. Research limitations/implications – One limitation is that the paper focusses on organizations serving Spanish speakers in the Texas Colonias. Future research needs to investigate how other localities at border sites where culturally and linguistically diverse groups might reside, receive and understand risk information. The role of cross-national organizations in creating internationally coordinated plans for disaster communication should also be explored. Originality/value – It highlights the challenges faced by organizations in communicating risk, especially in border communities where culturally and linguistically diverse groups reside.

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